280
S. Koteswari and Y. Shivraj Narayan
Fig. 5 Foot Print Area
Division (Source BMEiCON
pp. 1–4)
1.4 Technical Methods to Identify Foot Arch and Plantar
Pressure
Effect of muscle and ligament stretch varies during weight and non-weight-bearing
conditions. Radiology examinations like computer tomography (CT) scan, magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are preferred [10]. Foot pressure measurements are generally considered to design a required insole. Foot scan plate generates accurate results based on the number of sensors arranged [9, 12]. Flatbed 3D
scanner detects by reconstructing a 3D surface [11]. Acu gait force plate uses Hall
Effect sensors to measure ground reaction forces [13]. Pedograph footprint measures
Clarkes angle, Chippaux smirak index and Staheli index [14]. Standard flatbed scanners are recommended during static and in-shoe system during dynamic conditions
[12]. Podata foot bar is sandwich arranged insoles with pressure sensors in between
[15]. Force sensing resistor, piezoelectric sensors, capacitive sensors, textile sensors,
optical sensors, hydro cell sensors, miniature load cells, Micro Electro Mechanical
Systems (MEMS) sensors [16]. Camera-based motion analysis system. Few more
devices are used for dynamic conditions like Pedar Novel, Parotec, F-Scan, Moticon,
iShoe, 3-axis force sensor, smart insole, Flexible insole, textile, i-Smart shoe II [17].
1.5 Morphology of Foot [12]
During the dynamic study of feet, two phases are identified—stance phase and swing
phase, which accommodates 60% of gait during stance and 40% of gait during swing
phase as shown in Fig. 6.
S. Koteswari and Y. Shivraj Narayan
Fig. 5 Foot Print Area
Division (Source BMEiCON
pp. 1–4)
1.4 Technical Methods to Identify Foot Arch and Plantar
Pressure
Effect of muscle and ligament stretch varies during weight and non-weight-bearing
conditions. Radiology examinations like computer tomography (CT) scan, magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are preferred [10]. Foot pressure measurements are generally considered to design a required insole. Foot scan plate generates accurate results based on the number of sensors arranged [9, 12]. Flatbed 3D
scanner detects by reconstructing a 3D surface [11]. Acu gait force plate uses Hall
Effect sensors to measure ground reaction forces [13]. Pedograph footprint measures
Clarkes angle, Chippaux smirak index and Staheli index [14]. Standard flatbed scanners are recommended during static and in-shoe system during dynamic conditions
[12]. Podata foot bar is sandwich arranged insoles with pressure sensors in between
[15]. Force sensing resistor, piezoelectric sensors, capacitive sensors, textile sensors,
optical sensors, hydro cell sensors, miniature load cells, Micro Electro Mechanical
Systems (MEMS) sensors [16]. Camera-based motion analysis system. Few more
devices are used for dynamic conditions like Pedar Novel, Parotec, F-Scan, Moticon,
iShoe, 3-axis force sensor, smart insole, Flexible insole, textile, i-Smart shoe II [17].
1.5 Morphology of Foot [12]
During the dynamic study of feet, two phases are identified—stance phase and swing
phase, which accommodates 60% of gait during stance and 40% of gait during swing
phase as shown in Fig. 6.