Review of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) …
269
by PDMS with the help of liquid deposition modelling (LDM). It can be facilitated
by mixing two types of PDMS, i.e. SE 1700 and Sylgard 184, with different sizes of
the nozzle. In this work, the ultimate strength of 5.036 MPa and Young’s modulus
1.672 MPa was observed [26]. The human heart for the training and surgery purpose
was made and presented by using silicon PDMS which was printed in FDM. In this
work, a group of researchers used the PDMS as pellets with Na-CMC. The modulus
for the filament of PDMS/Na-CMC was observed to be 8.515 kPa when extruded at
205 °C, and the viscosity of 1958.45 Pa.s [27]. Scaffolds of size 40 × 300 µm were
created by printing (Sylgard 184), PDMS agent and PVA. In the heating stage, the
resolution of 500 µm, the nozzle of size 250 µm was used to achieve the thermal
stability and [28].
The Direct Ink Writing (DIW) achieves a better modulus G’of 11,360 Pa by
mixing PDMS (SE-1700) with Dragonskin 30. In this process of DIW, the different
sizes of the nozzles were used with a specific pressure of 200 kPa [28]. The mixture
of PDMS-co-PDPS (Polydimethylsiloxane-co-Diphenylsiloxane) with silica HMDZ
(hexamethyldisilazane-treated) reveals the value of the coefficient, i.e. G
/G
=
410 Pa. The advantage of HMDZ-treated silica is, it helps to increase the yield
stress and also allows to cure the PDMS when it is added with a platinum catalyst
[29]. The low yield stress is one of the disadvantages of the LDM for printed LSR
(PDMS with silica) solution the problem of low yield stress Polyethylene Glycol
(PEG) can achieve the yield stress about 1000 Pa, which is suitable for printing [30].
The excellent elastic strength with 18 µm lateral resolution was achieved by the
Laser Direct Writing (LDW) [31]. Apart from all these practices, a Full Reactive
Inkjet Printing (FRIJP) accomplishes the printing PDMS by two different types with
platinum catalysts as complex shapes [32].
3 Process of Making Solid Objects Using PDMS
3.1 Photoinitiators and Agents Used with PDMS
Polydimethylsiloxane is known as thermosetting material that has a challenge for
printing, and it also serves as the potentials to apply in additive manufacturing.
Therefore, it has acquired the attention of researchers. The researchers have been
trying to experiment in printing this polymer. It is well known that this polymer is
applied in several processes. In additive manufacturing, there are many ways for
printing PDMS, but almost all of the printing processes of PDMS need an agent
or a support material. These agents differ in many parameters as they are used to
cure PDMS. The well-known agent applied is the Curing agent (Dow Corning) that
can convert the PDMS from liquid to solid during several periods; it depends on the
process, such as FRE. This FRE process takes around 72 h to cure the PDMS. The
269
by PDMS with the help of liquid deposition modelling (LDM). It can be facilitated
by mixing two types of PDMS, i.e. SE 1700 and Sylgard 184, with different sizes of
the nozzle. In this work, the ultimate strength of 5.036 MPa and Young’s modulus
1.672 MPa was observed [26]. The human heart for the training and surgery purpose
was made and presented by using silicon PDMS which was printed in FDM. In this
work, a group of researchers used the PDMS as pellets with Na-CMC. The modulus
for the filament of PDMS/Na-CMC was observed to be 8.515 kPa when extruded at
205 °C, and the viscosity of 1958.45 Pa.s [27]. Scaffolds of size 40 × 300 µm were
created by printing (Sylgard 184), PDMS agent and PVA. In the heating stage, the
resolution of 500 µm, the nozzle of size 250 µm was used to achieve the thermal
stability and [28].
The Direct Ink Writing (DIW) achieves a better modulus G’of 11,360 Pa by
mixing PDMS (SE-1700) with Dragonskin 30. In this process of DIW, the different
sizes of the nozzles were used with a specific pressure of 200 kPa [28]. The mixture
of PDMS-co-PDPS (Polydimethylsiloxane-co-Diphenylsiloxane) with silica HMDZ
(hexamethyldisilazane-treated) reveals the value of the coefficient, i.e. G
/G
=
410 Pa. The advantage of HMDZ-treated silica is, it helps to increase the yield
stress and also allows to cure the PDMS when it is added with a platinum catalyst
[29]. The low yield stress is one of the disadvantages of the LDM for printed LSR
(PDMS with silica) solution the problem of low yield stress Polyethylene Glycol
(PEG) can achieve the yield stress about 1000 Pa, which is suitable for printing [30].
The excellent elastic strength with 18 µm lateral resolution was achieved by the
Laser Direct Writing (LDW) [31]. Apart from all these practices, a Full Reactive
Inkjet Printing (FRIJP) accomplishes the printing PDMS by two different types with
platinum catalysts as complex shapes [32].
3 Process of Making Solid Objects Using PDMS
3.1 Photoinitiators and Agents Used with PDMS
Polydimethylsiloxane is known as thermosetting material that has a challenge for
printing, and it also serves as the potentials to apply in additive manufacturing.
Therefore, it has acquired the attention of researchers. The researchers have been
trying to experiment in printing this polymer. It is well known that this polymer is
applied in several processes. In additive manufacturing, there are many ways for
printing PDMS, but almost all of the printing processes of PDMS need an agent
or a support material. These agents differ in many parameters as they are used to
cure PDMS. The well-known agent applied is the Curing agent (Dow Corning) that
can convert the PDMS from liquid to solid during several periods; it depends on the
process, such as FRE. This FRE process takes around 72 h to cure the PDMS. The