v
Series Preface........................................................................................................... xv
Preface....................................................................................................................xvii
Author .....................................................................................................................xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1
1.1 Global Energy Landscape: Past, Present, and Future ...............1
1.2 The Theme and Outline of the Book.........................................5
1.2.1 Chapter 2: Water for Raw Fuel Production ..................6
1.2.2 Chapter 3: Water as Energy Carrier .............................7
1.2.3 Chapter 4: Steam for Synthetic Gas Production...........8
1.2.4 Chapter 5: Synthetic Fuel Production by Water
under Subcritical Conditions........................................9
1.2.5 Chapter 6: Production of Synthetic Fuels by
Aqueous-Phase Reforming......................................... 11
1.2.6 Chapter 7: Production of Synthetic Fuels and
Chemicals by Hydrolysis Followed by Selective
Catalytic Conversions................................................. 11
1.2.7 Chapter 8: Production of Hydrogen and Methane
by Anaerobic Digestion of Aqueous Waste................ 12
1.2.8 Chapter 9: Production of Ethanol by
Aqueous-Phase Fermentation..................................... 12
1.2.9 Chapter 10: Production of Synthetic Fuels by
Supercritical Water..................................................... 13
1.2.10 Chapter 11: Production of Hydrogen by Water
Dissociation................................................................ 13
1.2.11 Chapter 12: Production of Methane from Gas
Hydrates...................................................................... 14
1.2.12 Chapter 13: Water as a Direct Source of Energy ....... 14
1.3 Water-Based Refinery and Water Management for the Future.... 15
References .......................................................................................... 16
Chapter 2 Role of Water in Recovery and Production of Raw Fuels.................. 17
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 17
2.2 Increased Water Usage for Recovery of Coal Bed
Methane and Gas from Geopressurized Zones ....................... 19
2.3 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Process.................................. 22
2.3.1 Chemical Processes.................................................... 23
2.3.1.1 Surfactant–Polymer Solution
(Microemulsion Flooding).......................... 23
2.3.1.2 Polymer Solution.........................................24
Contents
Series Preface........................................................................................................... xv
Preface....................................................................................................................xvii
Author .....................................................................................................................xxi
Chapter 1 Introduction ..........................................................................................1
1.1 Global Energy Landscape: Past, Present, and Future ...............1
1.2 The Theme and Outline of the Book.........................................5
1.2.1 Chapter 2: Water for Raw Fuel Production ..................6
1.2.2 Chapter 3: Water as Energy Carrier .............................7
1.2.3 Chapter 4: Steam for Synthetic Gas Production...........8
1.2.4 Chapter 5: Synthetic Fuel Production by Water
under Subcritical Conditions........................................9
1.2.5 Chapter 6: Production of Synthetic Fuels by
Aqueous-Phase Reforming......................................... 11
1.2.6 Chapter 7: Production of Synthetic Fuels and
Chemicals by Hydrolysis Followed by Selective
Catalytic Conversions................................................. 11
1.2.7 Chapter 8: Production of Hydrogen and Methane
by Anaerobic Digestion of Aqueous Waste................ 12
1.2.8 Chapter 9: Production of Ethanol by
Aqueous-Phase Fermentation..................................... 12
1.2.9 Chapter 10: Production of Synthetic Fuels by
Supercritical Water..................................................... 13
1.2.10 Chapter 11: Production of Hydrogen by Water
Dissociation................................................................ 13
1.2.11 Chapter 12: Production of Methane from Gas
Hydrates...................................................................... 14
1.2.12 Chapter 13: Water as a Direct Source of Energy ....... 14
1.3 Water-Based Refinery and Water Management for the Future.... 15
References .......................................................................................... 16
Chapter 2 Role of Water in Recovery and Production of Raw Fuels.................. 17
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 17
2.2 Increased Water Usage for Recovery of Coal Bed
Methane and Gas from Geopressurized Zones ....................... 19
2.3 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Process.................................. 22
2.3.1 Chemical Processes.................................................... 23
2.3.1.1 Surfactant–Polymer Solution
(Microemulsion Flooding).......................... 23
2.3.1.2 Polymer Solution.........................................24
Contents