Forty-three Institutes of China Aerospace have successfully adopted glass fibers and
aramid fibers on solid motor shells. Glass fiber pressure vessel, aramid fiber pressure vessel and carbon fiber pressure vessel developed independently have been
applied to various aerospace products. In the development of metal inner liner
pressure vessel, 50 L carbon fiber high-pressure composite winding super
high-pressure cylinder for DFH-4 satellite platform has been successfully developed in China. Since 1987, a large number of foreign advanced technologies have
been introduced. At present, domestic production capacity of filament wound metal
inner liner super high-pressure composite cylinder has been developed, such as raw
materials and production technology of various grades of resin and auxiliary
materials, large winding system, pultrusion process production line, sheet molding
production line, resin reaction injection molding production line, etc. However,
high-performance carbon fibers have not yet been domesticated and their applications are limited, and the shell process control means are not advanced.
In 1980, the Institute of Composite Materials Hydrogen Storage and
High-Pressure Vessel of Tongji University began to study the mechanics of composite materials. The finite element analysis of filament wound rocket engine shell
of the Fourth Academy of the Ministry of Space was successfully completed.
A 30 MPa carbon fiber wound aluminum liner cylinder was developed independently in China and put into production in Shanghai. Shanghai Aerospace Vehicle
Electrical and Mechanical Company began to study various advanced winding
high-pressure cylinders in 1999 by using the winding technology of solid rocket
motor shell of space launch vehicle. Advanced winding production line has been
introduced from the United States, and the certificate of pressure vessel production
issued by the National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau has been
obtained. It specializes in manufacturing vehicle-mounted composite material
high-pressure vessel. For example, LPG, CNG and other high safety and lightweight composite material high-pressure cylinders, working pressure 20*30 MPa;
30 MPa hydrogen storage composite cylinder has been used in hydrogen energy
vehicle of Tongji University. The 35 MPa composite cylinder production line is
currently in operation. Beijing Ketaike Technology Co., Ltd. began to produce
composite cylinders for automobiles in 2003, which were used in the first hydrogen
fuel cell bus in China. The composite cylinder adopts spinning forming aluminum
alloy sealed inner liner and carbon fiber composite material as outer layer to ensure
the lightweight and high strength of the cylinder. The cylinder has also obtained
two national patents, i.e., “Vehicle Composite Gas Cylinder” and “Aluminum Liner
for Composite Gas Cylinder”. In 2004, 35 MPa hydrogen cylinder was developed.
In addition, Tongji University and Shanghai Aerospace Energy Co., Ltd. began
to develop hydrogenation station equipment and carbon fiber wound high-pressure
composite cylinders (“863” high-tech project), but the pressure is still only 30 MPa.
The hydrogenation pressure of various hydrogenation stations in Japan is 70 MPa.
At present, high-pressure hydrogen storage and transmissionation mainly have the
following two important topics: The first is the control of ultrahigh pressure
hydrogen pressure and its safety; the second is the complex and high cost of
high-pressure hydrogenation station and its pneumatic system. Nevertheless, most
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13 Application of Pneumatic Technology in Fuel Cell Vehicles
aramid fibers on solid motor shells. Glass fiber pressure vessel, aramid fiber pressure vessel and carbon fiber pressure vessel developed independently have been
applied to various aerospace products. In the development of metal inner liner
pressure vessel, 50 L carbon fiber high-pressure composite winding super
high-pressure cylinder for DFH-4 satellite platform has been successfully developed in China. Since 1987, a large number of foreign advanced technologies have
been introduced. At present, domestic production capacity of filament wound metal
inner liner super high-pressure composite cylinder has been developed, such as raw
materials and production technology of various grades of resin and auxiliary
materials, large winding system, pultrusion process production line, sheet molding
production line, resin reaction injection molding production line, etc. However,
high-performance carbon fibers have not yet been domesticated and their applications are limited, and the shell process control means are not advanced.
In 1980, the Institute of Composite Materials Hydrogen Storage and
High-Pressure Vessel of Tongji University began to study the mechanics of composite materials. The finite element analysis of filament wound rocket engine shell
of the Fourth Academy of the Ministry of Space was successfully completed.
A 30 MPa carbon fiber wound aluminum liner cylinder was developed independently in China and put into production in Shanghai. Shanghai Aerospace Vehicle
Electrical and Mechanical Company began to study various advanced winding
high-pressure cylinders in 1999 by using the winding technology of solid rocket
motor shell of space launch vehicle. Advanced winding production line has been
introduced from the United States, and the certificate of pressure vessel production
issued by the National Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau has been
obtained. It specializes in manufacturing vehicle-mounted composite material
high-pressure vessel. For example, LPG, CNG and other high safety and lightweight composite material high-pressure cylinders, working pressure 20*30 MPa;
30 MPa hydrogen storage composite cylinder has been used in hydrogen energy
vehicle of Tongji University. The 35 MPa composite cylinder production line is
currently in operation. Beijing Ketaike Technology Co., Ltd. began to produce
composite cylinders for automobiles in 2003, which were used in the first hydrogen
fuel cell bus in China. The composite cylinder adopts spinning forming aluminum
alloy sealed inner liner and carbon fiber composite material as outer layer to ensure
the lightweight and high strength of the cylinder. The cylinder has also obtained
two national patents, i.e., “Vehicle Composite Gas Cylinder” and “Aluminum Liner
for Composite Gas Cylinder”. In 2004, 35 MPa hydrogen cylinder was developed.
In addition, Tongji University and Shanghai Aerospace Energy Co., Ltd. began
to develop hydrogenation station equipment and carbon fiber wound high-pressure
composite cylinders (“863” high-tech project), but the pressure is still only 30 MPa.
The hydrogenation pressure of various hydrogenation stations in Japan is 70 MPa.
At present, high-pressure hydrogen storage and transmissionation mainly have the
following two important topics: The first is the control of ultrahigh pressure
hydrogen pressure and its safety; the second is the complex and high cost of
high-pressure hydrogenation station and its pneumatic system. Nevertheless, most
330
13 Application of Pneumatic Technology in Fuel Cell Vehicles