hydrogen storage vessel with a pressure of 35 MPa and a hydrogen storage density
of 11.3 wt%. After that, an ultrahigh pressure storage tank with a pressure of
70 MPa was developed. IMPCO, California, USA, has increased the pressure of
ultralight gas storage tanks to 69 MPa, with a hydrogen storage capacity of 7.5wt%.
China began to produce composite materials in 1958. In 1961, glass fiber
phenolic resin ablation heat-proof device was used in long-range rocket. Glass fiber
and aramid fiber were successfully used in solid motor shell. Glass fiber pressure
vessel, aramid fiber and carbon fiber pressure vessel, carbon fiber wound metal
inner liner cylinder, etc. are used in various aerospace products. However,
high-performance carbon fibers have not yet been fully localized and their applications are limited.
13.1.2.3 Pneumatic Servo Control Technology
Pneumatic servo control originated from attitude control system of missile and
rocket vehicle before and after World War II. At that time, gas generator, pneumatic
servo valve, and gas motor were used as gas servo system. In the past 50 years, in
order to develop space, the United States, the Soviet Union and Europe have used
cold air or hot gas-driven pneumatic servo actuators or hydraulic actuators for servo
control in thrust vector control and attitude control of space rockets and spacecraft.
The actuator of rocket attitude control system uses cylinder output gas source to
drive pneumatic blade and hydraulic pump or motor pump to generate hydraulic
energy. The storage and emission of gases, gas drive and reliability of gas cylinder
system are very important in the extreme environment of aircraft.
With the development of aerospace and national defense industry, aerodynamic
control with slow response in general industry has developed into pneumatic servo
control. Servo control technology with certain response speed, high precision, and
high power has emerged as the times require. About 15 years ago, foreign manufacturers successively used hydraulic servo valves to make pneumatic servo valves.
Since then, commercial pneumatic servo valves have come out and began to be
used in remote control of industrial processes. The study of pneumatic servo
mechanism began in 1956. J. L. Shearer of the United States studied the characteristics of pneumatic valve-controlled motor. In 1971, 1979, Araki Kenji, Japan,
studied the pneumatic servo valve with force feedback and proposed a compensation scheme of spring and chamber to increase the bandwidth from 70 Hz to
190 Hz. The unequal overlap (positive overlap, zero overlap, and negative overlap)
of the sliding valve was also studied. A prototype of small flow pneumatic servo
valve was developed in 1981 by Tanaka Hirohisa, Japan, with response time up to
30 ms. In 1997, the author put forward the theory of pneumatic asymmetry control,
and successfully developed a prototype of asymmetric high-speed electronic
pneumatic servo valve for pneumatic asymmetry phenomenon. The high-speed
control of pneumatic system was realized and used in resistance welding machine.
Later, pneumatic technology began with the cylinder and its control valve of
resistance welding machine. The general industrial pneumatic control pressure is
13.1 Pneumatic System and Fuel Cell Hydrogen Transmission System
327
of 11.3 wt%. After that, an ultrahigh pressure storage tank with a pressure of
70 MPa was developed. IMPCO, California, USA, has increased the pressure of
ultralight gas storage tanks to 69 MPa, with a hydrogen storage capacity of 7.5wt%.
China began to produce composite materials in 1958. In 1961, glass fiber
phenolic resin ablation heat-proof device was used in long-range rocket. Glass fiber
and aramid fiber were successfully used in solid motor shell. Glass fiber pressure
vessel, aramid fiber and carbon fiber pressure vessel, carbon fiber wound metal
inner liner cylinder, etc. are used in various aerospace products. However,
high-performance carbon fibers have not yet been fully localized and their applications are limited.
13.1.2.3 Pneumatic Servo Control Technology
Pneumatic servo control originated from attitude control system of missile and
rocket vehicle before and after World War II. At that time, gas generator, pneumatic
servo valve, and gas motor were used as gas servo system. In the past 50 years, in
order to develop space, the United States, the Soviet Union and Europe have used
cold air or hot gas-driven pneumatic servo actuators or hydraulic actuators for servo
control in thrust vector control and attitude control of space rockets and spacecraft.
The actuator of rocket attitude control system uses cylinder output gas source to
drive pneumatic blade and hydraulic pump or motor pump to generate hydraulic
energy. The storage and emission of gases, gas drive and reliability of gas cylinder
system are very important in the extreme environment of aircraft.
With the development of aerospace and national defense industry, aerodynamic
control with slow response in general industry has developed into pneumatic servo
control. Servo control technology with certain response speed, high precision, and
high power has emerged as the times require. About 15 years ago, foreign manufacturers successively used hydraulic servo valves to make pneumatic servo valves.
Since then, commercial pneumatic servo valves have come out and began to be
used in remote control of industrial processes. The study of pneumatic servo
mechanism began in 1956. J. L. Shearer of the United States studied the characteristics of pneumatic valve-controlled motor. In 1971, 1979, Araki Kenji, Japan,
studied the pneumatic servo valve with force feedback and proposed a compensation scheme of spring and chamber to increase the bandwidth from 70 Hz to
190 Hz. The unequal overlap (positive overlap, zero overlap, and negative overlap)
of the sliding valve was also studied. A prototype of small flow pneumatic servo
valve was developed in 1981 by Tanaka Hirohisa, Japan, with response time up to
30 ms. In 1997, the author put forward the theory of pneumatic asymmetry control,
and successfully developed a prototype of asymmetric high-speed electronic
pneumatic servo valve for pneumatic asymmetry phenomenon. The high-speed
control of pneumatic system was realized and used in resistance welding machine.
Later, pneumatic technology began with the cylinder and its control valve of
resistance welding machine. The general industrial pneumatic control pressure is
13.1 Pneumatic System and Fuel Cell Hydrogen Transmission System
327