Vegetable oil/
Triglycerides
Water hydrolysis
Fatty acids
Water phase
Supercritical
methanolysis
Methyl esters
Purification
Recovered
methanol
Glycerol purification
Glycerol
Water
54
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
Figure 3.9
Supercritical methanolysis process.
3.2.4 Lipase Catalyzed Transesterification
Utilization of lipase as a catalyst for biodiesel fuel production has a very good
potential compared with chemical methods using alkaline or acid catalyst as
no complex operations are required for removal of catalyst and separation/
purification of glycerol. The enzymatic conversion of the triglycerides has
been suggested as a realistic alternative to the conventional physiochemical
methods.
Vegetable oils contain FFA, waxes, unsaponified matter, pigments, and
lecithin. It is necessary to preheat the oil for the removal of lecithin, pigments by degumming and bleaching for efficient conversions in lipase based
transesterification. Lipids have the capability to convert the FFA into triglycerides. The yield of crude vegetable oils is low due to the presence of higher
amounts of phospholipids. The interference of interaction of lipase molecule
with substrates by phospholipids bound on the immobilized preparation
reduces the yield of biodiesel production process.
Du et al. (2004) developed an enzymatic transesterification for the production of biodiesel and the process details are: reaction 9.65 g soybean oil, 4%
Novozym 435 (based on oil weight), and 1 molar equivalent of methanol,
reaction temperature 40ºC. There were 50 microliter samples taken from the
reaction mixture at specified times and centrifuged to obtain the upper layer.
Figure 3.10 shows the conversion efficiency of lipase esterification process for
crude oils.
Noureddini, Gao, and Philkana (2005) developed a typical biodiesel production method using lipase catalyst and the conditions are: 10g soybean oil,
3 g methanol (methanol to oil molar ratio of 8.2), 0.5 g water, 3 g immobilized
lipase phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix (PS), 40ºC, 700 rpm and 1 hour reaction
Triglycerides
Water hydrolysis
Fatty acids
Water phase
Supercritical
methanolysis
Methyl esters
Purification
Recovered
methanol
Glycerol purification
Glycerol
Water
54
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
Figure 3.9
Supercritical methanolysis process.
3.2.4 Lipase Catalyzed Transesterification
Utilization of lipase as a catalyst for biodiesel fuel production has a very good
potential compared with chemical methods using alkaline or acid catalyst as
no complex operations are required for removal of catalyst and separation/
purification of glycerol. The enzymatic conversion of the triglycerides has
been suggested as a realistic alternative to the conventional physiochemical
methods.
Vegetable oils contain FFA, waxes, unsaponified matter, pigments, and
lecithin. It is necessary to preheat the oil for the removal of lecithin, pigments by degumming and bleaching for efficient conversions in lipase based
transesterification. Lipids have the capability to convert the FFA into triglycerides. The yield of crude vegetable oils is low due to the presence of higher
amounts of phospholipids. The interference of interaction of lipase molecule
with substrates by phospholipids bound on the immobilized preparation
reduces the yield of biodiesel production process.
Du et al. (2004) developed an enzymatic transesterification for the production of biodiesel and the process details are: reaction 9.65 g soybean oil, 4%
Novozym 435 (based on oil weight), and 1 molar equivalent of methanol,
reaction temperature 40ºC. There were 50 microliter samples taken from the
reaction mixture at specified times and centrifuged to obtain the upper layer.
Figure 3.10 shows the conversion efficiency of lipase esterification process for
crude oils.
Noureddini, Gao, and Philkana (2005) developed a typical biodiesel production method using lipase catalyst and the conditions are: 10g soybean oil,
3 g methanol (methanol to oil molar ratio of 8.2), 0.5 g water, 3 g immobilized
lipase phyllosilicate sol-gel matrix (PS), 40ºC, 700 rpm and 1 hour reaction