Ethanol
163
temperature and moisture content. Also, more studies need to be conducted
to analyze the effect of E-diesel on the durability of CI engines, including
data on E-diesel effect on the elastomers in the fuel system. Higher volatility of E-diesel could cause cavitation and consequent erosion of metal
parts in the fuel system. Because E-diesel is more volatile than petroleum
diesel, safety in storage and handling is a concern. Fire safety experts and
insurance underwriters need to be consulted to determine whether safety
codes for storage and handling of gasoline are sufficient for E-diesel. Finally,
because E-diesel does not meet the requirements of ASTM D975, the U.S.
diesel fuel standard, a new ASTM standard may be needed to provide minimum requirements, including E-diesel properties that are not covered by
ASTM D975 (McCormick and Parish 2001).
Engine manufacturers were initially reluctant to extend warranties to
engines for which biodiesel was used as a fuel. Only after an ASTM standard was developed for biodiesel were the manufacturers willing to provide
such engine warranties. This healthy progress on ethanol in engines will
displace gasoline and diesel and improve the environmental and energy
security also.
References
Abdel-Rahman, A. A., and M. M. Osman. 1997. Experimental investigation on varying the compression ratio of SI engine working under different ethanol–gasoline
fuel blends. International Journal of Energy Research 21:31–40.
Ajav, E. A., B. Singh, and T. K. Bhattacharya. 1998. Performance of a stationary diesel
engine using vapourized ethanol as a supplementary fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy
15:493–502.
Al-Hasan, M. 2003. Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Conversion and Management 44:1547–61.
Barnes, K. D., D. B. Kittelson, and T. E. Murphy. 1975. Effects of alcohols as supplemental fuel for turbocharged diesel engines. SAE 750469. Warrendale, PA.
Boruff, P. A., A. W. Schwab, C. E. Goering, and E. H. Pryde. 1982. Evaluation of diesel
fuel-ethanol micro emulsions. ASABE Transactions 25:47–53.
Bullis, K. 2008. Cellulosic plant opens. Technology Review, MIT online web site,
Cambridge, MA.
Cheung, C. S., Y. Di, and Z. Huang. 2008. Experimental investigation of regulated and
unregulated emissions from a diesel engine fueled with ultralow-sulfur diesel
fuel blended with ethanol and dodecanol. Atmospheric Environment 42:8843–51.
CONCAWE. 1995. Alternative fuels in the automotive market. CONCAWE Report No.
2/95.
Corkwell, K. C., and M. M. Jackson. 2002. Lubricity and injector pump wear issues
with E-diesel fuel blends. SAE 2002-01-2849. Warrendale, PA.
Davis, G. W. 2006. Using E85 in vehicles. Alcoholic fuels, ed. Shelly Minteer. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC Press.
163
temperature and moisture content. Also, more studies need to be conducted
to analyze the effect of E-diesel on the durability of CI engines, including
data on E-diesel effect on the elastomers in the fuel system. Higher volatility of E-diesel could cause cavitation and consequent erosion of metal
parts in the fuel system. Because E-diesel is more volatile than petroleum
diesel, safety in storage and handling is a concern. Fire safety experts and
insurance underwriters need to be consulted to determine whether safety
codes for storage and handling of gasoline are sufficient for E-diesel. Finally,
because E-diesel does not meet the requirements of ASTM D975, the U.S.
diesel fuel standard, a new ASTM standard may be needed to provide minimum requirements, including E-diesel properties that are not covered by
ASTM D975 (McCormick and Parish 2001).
Engine manufacturers were initially reluctant to extend warranties to
engines for which biodiesel was used as a fuel. Only after an ASTM standard was developed for biodiesel were the manufacturers willing to provide
such engine warranties. This healthy progress on ethanol in engines will
displace gasoline and diesel and improve the environmental and energy
security also.
References
Abdel-Rahman, A. A., and M. M. Osman. 1997. Experimental investigation on varying the compression ratio of SI engine working under different ethanol–gasoline
fuel blends. International Journal of Energy Research 21:31–40.
Ajav, E. A., B. Singh, and T. K. Bhattacharya. 1998. Performance of a stationary diesel
engine using vapourized ethanol as a supplementary fuel. Biomass and Bioenergy
15:493–502.
Al-Hasan, M. 2003. Effect of ethanol–unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emission. Energy Conversion and Management 44:1547–61.
Barnes, K. D., D. B. Kittelson, and T. E. Murphy. 1975. Effects of alcohols as supplemental fuel for turbocharged diesel engines. SAE 750469. Warrendale, PA.
Boruff, P. A., A. W. Schwab, C. E. Goering, and E. H. Pryde. 1982. Evaluation of diesel
fuel-ethanol micro emulsions. ASABE Transactions 25:47–53.
Bullis, K. 2008. Cellulosic plant opens. Technology Review, MIT online web site,
Cambridge, MA.
Cheung, C. S., Y. Di, and Z. Huang. 2008. Experimental investigation of regulated and
unregulated emissions from a diesel engine fueled with ultralow-sulfur diesel
fuel blended with ethanol and dodecanol. Atmospheric Environment 42:8843–51.
CONCAWE. 1995. Alternative fuels in the automotive market. CONCAWE Report No.
2/95.
Corkwell, K. C., and M. M. Jackson. 2002. Lubricity and injector pump wear issues
with E-diesel fuel blends. SAE 2002-01-2849. Warrendale, PA.
Davis, G. W. 2006. Using E85 in vehicles. Alcoholic fuels, ed. Shelly Minteer. Boca
Raton, FL: CRC Press.