148
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
Load
Torque
– Engine with fumigation
Engine
w/o fumigation
A
B
Speed
Figure 5.13
Engine torque output with and without fumigation. (From Goering, C. E. and Wood, D. R.,
ASABE Transactions, 25, 576–80, 1982. Reprinted with permission.)
TABLe 5.4
Maximum Percentage of Fuel Energy Supplied
by Fumigated Ethanol to a CI Engine
Speed Rev/Min
Proof
Load
1600
1800
2000
2200
190
Full
55
48 a
62
56
190
2/3
48
45
39
48 b
190
1/3
37
31
51
44 b
150
Full
56
66
59
54
150
2/3
47
42
55
49
150
1/3
37
34
47
43
100
Full
17
19*
19
100
2/3
25
21
21
17
100
1/3
35
31
29
25
Source: From Shropshire, G. J. and Goering, C. E.,
ASABE Transactions, 25, 570–75, 1982.
a Knock limited.
b Efficiency limited.
Shropshire and Goering (1982), 190-proof fumigated ethanol supplied 62% of
the total energy to a four-cylinder, naturally aspirated (NA), direct-injected
(DI), CI running at full load, as shown in Table 5.4. Lowering the ethanol
proof greatly reduced the percentage of energy that could be supplied by
fumigated ethanol.