118
Alternative Fuels for Transportation
7
8
9
6
4
3
2
–20
–10
0
1 0
2 0
M0, 15° CA BTDC
M0, 20° CA BTDC (ORG)
M0, 25° CA BTDC
M15, 15° CA BTDC
M15, 20° CA BTDC (ORG)
M15, 25° CA BTDC
30
20 Nm
40
5
Cylinder pressure (MPa)
Crank angle (deg)
Figure 4.18
Cylinder gas pressure versus CA at different injection timing and 20 Nm load. (From
Canakci, M ., Sayin, C., and Gumus, M., Energy and Fuels, 22, 3709–23, 2008. Reprinted with
permission from ACS Publications.)
Rate of heat release (kJ/deg)
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
–5
M0
M5
M10
M15
20° CA BTDC,
(ORG injection timing)
20 Nm
–20
–10
0
1 0
2 0
30
40
Crank angle (deg)
Figure 4.19
Rate of heat release versus CA at 20 Nm load and ORG injection timing. (From Canakci, M.,
Sayin, C., and Gumus, M., Energy and Fuels, 22, 3709–23, 2008. Reprinted with permission from
ACS Publications.)
4.7.3.2 Rate of Heat Release (ROHR)
As illustrated in the Figure 4.19, ROHR decreased with the increase of the
methanol amount in the fuel blend. The maximum ROHR was obtained
at 3 1.1 kJ/deg (at 8.93° CA BTDC), 29.9 kJ/deg (at 8.90° CA BTDC), 27.3 kJ/deg
(at 8.86° CA BTDC), and 27.0 kJ/deg (at 8.85° CA BTDC) for M0, M5, M10, and