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42. Suzuki S, Segawa Y, Itami K, Yamaguchi J (2015) Synthesis and characterization of
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triarylamine-triarylborane containing hexaarylbenzenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys
18:13403–13412. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP01923D
45. Khan FA, Wang D, Pemberton B, Talipov MR, Rathore R (2016) Toroidal delocalization of a
single electron through circularly-arrayed benzophenone chromophores in hexakis
(4-benzoylphenyl)benzene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 331:153–159. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jphotochem.2016.05.002
46. Steeger M, Griesbeck S, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H,
Lambert C (2015) On the relation of energy and electron transfer in multidimensional chromophores based on polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radicals and triarylamines. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 17:11848–11867. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP05929H
47. Kim S, Lee S-H, Shin H, Kay K-Y, Park J (2014) New hole transporting materials based on
hexaarylbenzene and aromatic amine moiety for organic light-emitting diodes. J Nanosci
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48. Steeger M, Lambert C (2012) Charge-transfer interactions in tris-donor-tris-acceptor
hexaarylbenzene redox chromophores. Chem A Eur J 18:11937–11948. https://doi.org/10.
1002/chem.201104020
49. Lambert C, Ehbets J, Rausch D, Steeger M (2012) Charge-transfer interactions in a
multichromophoric hexaarylbenzene containing pyrene and triarylamines. J Org Chem
77:6147–6154. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo300924x
50. Rios C, Salcedo R (2014) Computational study of electron delocalization in hexaarylbenzenes.
Molecules 19:3274–3296. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19033274
51. Tanaka Y, Koike T, Akita M (2010) 2-Dimensional molecular wiring based on toroidal
delocalization of hexaarylbenzene. Chem Commun 46:4529–4531. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c0cc00128g
52. Rosokha SV, Neretin IS, Sun D, Kochi JK (2006) Very fast electron migrations within p-doped
aromatic cofacial arrays leading to three-dimensional (toroidal) π-delocalization. J Am Chem
Soc 128:9394–9407. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja060393n
53. Xu H, Wolffs M, Tomovic Z, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ, De Feyter S (2011) A multivalent
hexapod having 24 stereogenic centers: chirality and conformational dynamics in homochiral
and heterochiral systems. CrstEngComm 13:5584–5590. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ce05433c
54. Reimers JR, Ford MJ, Goerigk L (2016) Problems, successes and challenges for the application
of dispersion-corrected density-functional theory combined with dispersion-based implicit
solvent models to large-scale hydrophobic self-assembly and polymorphism. Mol Simul
42:494–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2015.1066504
55. Kim M, Kim WJ, Lee EK, Lebegue S, Kim H (2016) Recent development of atom-pairwise van
der Waals corrections for density functional theory: from molecules to solids. Int J Quantum
Chem 116:598–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.25061
56. Cho Y, Cho WJ, Youn IS, Lee G, Singh NJ, Kim KS (2014) Density functional theory based
study of molecular interactions, recognition, engineering, and quantum transport in π molecular
systems. Acc Chem Res 47:3321–3330. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar400326q
7 Propeller Chirality: Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence
173
compounds: a general survey. Tetrahedron 23:3449–3503. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00404020(01)92310-5
41. Lungerich D, Reger D, Hoelzel H, Riedel R, Martin MMJC, Hampel F, Jux N (2016) A strategy
towards the multigram synthesis of uncommon hexaarylbenzenes. Angew Chem Int Ed
55:5602–5605. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201600841
42. Suzuki S, Segawa Y, Itami K, Yamaguchi J (2015) Synthesis and characterization of
hexaarylbenzenes with five or six different substituents enabled by programmed synthesis.
Nat Chem 7:227–233. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2174
43. Lambert C (2005) Hexaarylbenzenes – prospects for toroidal delocalization of charge and
energy. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:7337–7339. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200502105
44. Steeger M, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C (2016) Energy redistribution dynamics in
triarylamine-triarylborane containing hexaarylbenzenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys
18:13403–13412. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP01923D
45. Khan FA, Wang D, Pemberton B, Talipov MR, Rathore R (2016) Toroidal delocalization of a
single electron through circularly-arrayed benzophenone chromophores in hexakis
(4-benzoylphenyl)benzene. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 331:153–159. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.jphotochem.2016.05.002
46. Steeger M, Griesbeck S, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H,
Lambert C (2015) On the relation of energy and electron transfer in multidimensional chromophores based on polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radicals and triarylamines. Phys Chem Chem
Phys 17:11848–11867. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP05929H
47. Kim S, Lee S-H, Shin H, Kay K-Y, Park J (2014) New hole transporting materials based on
hexaarylbenzene and aromatic amine moiety for organic light-emitting diodes. J Nanosci
Nanotechnol 14:6382–6385. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.8291
48. Steeger M, Lambert C (2012) Charge-transfer interactions in tris-donor-tris-acceptor
hexaarylbenzene redox chromophores. Chem A Eur J 18:11937–11948. https://doi.org/10.
1002/chem.201104020
49. Lambert C, Ehbets J, Rausch D, Steeger M (2012) Charge-transfer interactions in a
multichromophoric hexaarylbenzene containing pyrene and triarylamines. J Org Chem
77:6147–6154. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo300924x
50. Rios C, Salcedo R (2014) Computational study of electron delocalization in hexaarylbenzenes.
Molecules 19:3274–3296. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19033274
51. Tanaka Y, Koike T, Akita M (2010) 2-Dimensional molecular wiring based on toroidal
delocalization of hexaarylbenzene. Chem Commun 46:4529–4531. https://doi.org/10.1039/
c0cc00128g
52. Rosokha SV, Neretin IS, Sun D, Kochi JK (2006) Very fast electron migrations within p-doped
aromatic cofacial arrays leading to three-dimensional (toroidal) π-delocalization. J Am Chem
Soc 128:9394–9407. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja060393n
53. Xu H, Wolffs M, Tomovic Z, Meijer EW, Schenning APHJ, De Feyter S (2011) A multivalent
hexapod having 24 stereogenic centers: chirality and conformational dynamics in homochiral
and heterochiral systems. CrstEngComm 13:5584–5590. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ce05433c
54. Reimers JR, Ford MJ, Goerigk L (2016) Problems, successes and challenges for the application
of dispersion-corrected density-functional theory combined with dispersion-based implicit
solvent models to large-scale hydrophobic self-assembly and polymorphism. Mol Simul
42:494–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2015.1066504
55. Kim M, Kim WJ, Lee EK, Lebegue S, Kim H (2016) Recent development of atom-pairwise van
der Waals corrections for density functional theory: from molecules to solids. Int J Quantum
Chem 116:598–607. https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.25061
56. Cho Y, Cho WJ, Youn IS, Lee G, Singh NJ, Kim KS (2014) Density functional theory based
study of molecular interactions, recognition, engineering, and quantum transport in π molecular
systems. Acc Chem Res 47:3321–3330. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar400326q
7 Propeller Chirality: Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence
173