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Y. He et al.
6. Zuo, W., Yu, J., Saitou, K.: Stress sensitivity analysis and optimization of automobile body
frame consisting of rectangular tubes. Int. J. Automot. Technol. 17(5), 843–851 (2016)
7. Chen, W., Zuo, W.: Component sensitivity analysis of conceptual vehicle body for lightweight
design under static and dynamic stiffness demands. Int. J. Veh. Des. 66(2), 107–123 (2014)
8. Qiao, H., Wang, S., Zhao, T., Tang, H.: Topology optimization for lightweight cellular material
and structure simultaneously by combining SIMP with BESO. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 33,
729–739 (2019)
9. Guo, S., Ang, H., Cai, H.: Construction of an adaptive sampling surrogate model and application
in composite material structure optimization. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica 35(8), 2084–
2094 (2018)
10. Liu, H., Zhang, X., Xiao, L.: Collision simulation analysis of 7075 aluminum alloy car bumper
based on LS-DYNA. J. Machine Des. 2, 18–23 (2011)
11. China Automotive Technology and Research Center, C-NCAP Management Regulation http://
www.c-ncap.org/cncap/pjgz (2018)
12. Ma, Y., Chen, X., Zuo, W.: Equivalent static displacements method for contact force
optimization. Struct. Multidiscipl. Optimiz. 62, 323–336 (2020)
13. Technical Transfer Dispatch#6-Body Structure Materials, ULSAB-AVC Consortium (2001)
14. Raponi, E., Bujny, M., Olhofer, M., Aulig, N., Boria, S., Duddeck, F.: Kriging-assisted topology
optimization of crash structures. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 348(1), 730–752 (2019)
15. Forrester, A., Sobester, A., Keane A.: Engineering Design Via Surrogate Modelling: A Practical
Guide. John Wiley & Sons, Inc (2008)
16. Tian, L., Mehari, M., Santi, S., Latré, S., Poorter, E., Famaey, J.: Multi-objective surrogate
modeling for real-time energy-efficient station grouping in IEEE 802.11ah. Pervasive Mobile
Comput. 57, 33–48 (2019)
17. Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., Meyarivan, T.: A fast and elitist multi-objective genetic
algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 6(2), 182–197 (2002)
18. Ardakan, M.A., Rezvan, M.T.: Multi-objective optimization of reliability–redundancy allocation problem with cold-standby strategy using NSGA-II. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 172, 225–238
(2018)