Semantic Web Technologies
39
look for National Board of Accreditation (NBA), we won’t get pages about National
Basketball Association.
3 Semantic Web Technologies
Functionalities like integration, standardization, development of tools, and adoption
by users are required for a more advanced Semantic Web. Following technologies
helps to achieve it.
3.1 Explicit Metadata
Current formatting of web pages is suitable for human readers and not for programs
and machines. Most common language used for creating web pages is HTML (Hyper
Text Markup Language). HML defines Web page layout. It is composed of a set of
elements instructing the browser about presentation of the content on the screen.
XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language and its development is driven by
HTML deficiencies. XML was designed for the data storage and transmission. XML
was designed to be readable by both humans and computers. Let’s have a look at
following example in HTML [6].
An autonomous engineering college located in Pune,
Maharashtra, India. The college has NAAC and NBA
accreditation. It offers various engineering courses at
undergraduate and post graduate level. Dr. Sinha, Dr.
Rajwade and Dr. Mehta (Admission In charge) can guide
you for the admissions.
Mechanical Engineering
Computer Engineering
Electronics Engineering
Civil Engineering
For human readers, above example might provide satisfactory output, however
machines have problems processing it. Keyword based search will produce results
based on keywords like Engineering, courses etc., but distinguishing between staff
is ambiguous. In order to solve such problems, Semantic web approach attacks the
problem from web pages. Instead of HTML, usage of other appropriate language
which could carry content of web page along with formatting information is expected.
XML is adopted by semantic web for this purpose.
The same example is written in XML as followsFlora Institute of Engineering
39
look for National Board of Accreditation (NBA), we won’t get pages about National
Basketball Association.
3 Semantic Web Technologies
Functionalities like integration, standardization, development of tools, and adoption
by users are required for a more advanced Semantic Web. Following technologies
helps to achieve it.
3.1 Explicit Metadata
Current formatting of web pages is suitable for human readers and not for programs
and machines. Most common language used for creating web pages is HTML (Hyper
Text Markup Language). HML defines Web page layout. It is composed of a set of
elements instructing the browser about presentation of the content on the screen.
XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language and its development is driven by
HTML deficiencies. XML was designed for the data storage and transmission. XML
was designed to be readable by both humans and computers. Let’s have a look at
following example in HTML [6].
Flora Institute of Engineering
An autonomous engineering college located in Pune,
Maharashtra, India. The college has NAAC and NBA
accreditation. It offers various engineering courses at
undergraduate and post graduate level. Dr. Sinha, Dr.
Rajwade and Dr. Mehta (Admission In charge) can guide
you for the admissions.
Courses offered
Mechanical Engineering
Computer Engineering
Electronics Engineering
Civil Engineering
For human readers, above example might provide satisfactory output, however
machines have problems processing it. Keyword based search will produce results
based on keywords like Engineering, courses etc., but distinguishing between staff
is ambiguous. In order to solve such problems, Semantic web approach attacks the
problem from web pages. Instead of HTML, usage of other appropriate language
which could carry content of web page along with formatting information is expected.
XML is adopted by semantic web for this purpose.
The same example is written in XML as follows