42. Hilleary R, Choi WG, Kim SH, Lim SD, Gilroy S (2018) Sense and sensibility: the use of
fluorescent protein-based genetically encoded
biosensors in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol
46:32–38
43. Millar AH, Carrie C, Pogson B, Whelan J
(2009) Exploring the function-location
nexus: using multiple lines of evidence in
defining the subcellular location of plant proteins. Plant Cell 21:1625–1631
44. Tsien RY (1997) The green fluorescent protein. Annu Rev Biochem 67:509–544
45. Bogdanov AM, Mishin AS, Yampolsky IV,
Belousov VV, Chudakov DM, Subach FV,
Verkhusha VV, Lukyanov S, Lukyanov KA
(2009) Green fluorescent proteins are lightinduced electron donors. Nat Chem Biol
5:459–461
46. Grebenok RJ, Lambert GM, Galbraith DW
(1997) Characterization of the targeted
nuclear accumulation of GFP within the cells
of transgenic plants. Plant J 12:685–696
47. Chytilova E, Macas J, Sliwinska E, Rafelski S,
Lambert GM, Galbraith DW (2000) Nuclear
dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol
Cell 11:2733–2741
48. Zhang CQ, Gong FC, Lambert GM, Galbraith DW (2005) Cell type-specific characterization of nuclear DNA contents within
complex tissues and organs. Plant Methods
1:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-48111-7
49. Zhang CQ, Barthelson RA, Lambert GM,
Galbraith DW (2008) Characterization of
cell-specific
gene
expression
through
fluorescence-activated sorting of nuclei.
Plant Physiol 147:30–40
50. Telford WG (2018) Overview of lasers for
flow cytometry. In: Hawley T, Hawley R
(eds) Flow cytometry protocols. Methods in
molecular biology, vol 1678. Humana Press,
New York, pp 447–479
51. Lawrence WG, Varadi G, Entine G,
Podniesinski E, Wallace PK (2008) A comparison of avalanche photodiode and photomultiplier tube detectors for flow cytometry. In:
Proceedings of SPIE 6859, Imaging, manipulation, and analysis of biomolecules, cells, and
tissues VI, 68590M. https://doi.org/10.
1117/12.758958
52. Lawrence WG, Varadi G, Entine G,
Podniesinski E, Wallace PK (2008) Enhanced
red and near infrared detection in flow cytometry using avalanche photodiodes. Cytometry A 73A:767–776. https://doi.org/10.
1002/cyto.a.20595
53. Mena MA, Treynor TP, Mayo SL, Daugherty
PS (2006) Blue fluorescent proteins with
enhanced brightness and photostability from
a structurally targeted library. Nat Biotechnol
24:1569–1571
54. Subach OM, Cranfill PJ, Davidson MW, Verkhusha VV (2011) An enhanced monomeric
blue fluorescent protein with high chemical
stability of the chromophore. PLoS One 6
(12):e28674. https://doi.org/10.1371/jour
nal.pone.0028674
55. Shaner NC, Campbell RE, Steinbach PA,
Giepmans BNG, Palmer AE, Tsien RY
(2004) Improved monomeric red, orange
and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from
Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein. Nat
Biotechnol 22:1567–1572
56. Merzlyak EM, Goedhart J, Shcherbo D,
Bulina ME, Shcheglov AS, Fradkov AF,
Gaintzeva A, Lukyanov KA, Lukyanov S,
Gadella TW, Chudakov DM (2007) Bright
monomeric red fluorescent protein with an
extended fluorescence lifetime. Nat Methods
4:555–557
57. Lin MZ, McKeown MR, Ng H-L, Aguilera
TA, Shaner NC, Campbell RE, Adams SR,
Gross LA, Ma W, Alber T, Tsien RY (2009)
Autofluorescent proteins with excitation in
the optical window for intravital imaging in
mammals. Chem Biol 16:1169–1179
58. Shcherbo D, Shemiakina II, Ryabova AV,
Luker KE, Schmidt BT, Souslova EA, Gorodnicheva TV, Strukova L, Shidlovskiy KM,
Britanova OV, Zaraisky AG, Lukyanov KA,
Loschenov VB, Luker GD, Chudakov DM
(2010) Near-infrared fluorescent proteins.
Nat Methods 7:827–830
59. Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Telford WG (2017)
Fluorescent proteins for flow cytometry. Curr
Protoc Cytom 80:9.12.1–9.12.20. https://
doi.org/10.1002/cpcy.17
60. Valm AM, Cohen S, Legant WR, Melunis J,
Hershberg U, Wait E, Cohen AR, Davidson
MW, Betzig E, Lippincott-Schwartz J (2017)
Applying systems-level spectral imaging and
analysis to reveal the organelle interactome.
Nature 546:162–167
61. Costantini LM, Baloban M, Markwardt ML,
Rizzo M, Guo F, Verkhusha VV, Snapp EL
(2015) A palette of fluorescent proteins optimized for diverse cellular environments. Nat
Commun 6:Art No:7670. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ncomms8670
62. Gong F-C, Giddings TH, Meehl JB, Staehelin
LA, Galbraith DW (1996) Z-membranes:
artificial organelles for over-expressing recombinant integral membrane proteins. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 93:2219–2223
290
David W. Galbraith and Guiling Sun
fluorescent protein-based genetically encoded
biosensors in plants. Curr Opin Plant Biol
46:32–38
43. Millar AH, Carrie C, Pogson B, Whelan J
(2009) Exploring the function-location
nexus: using multiple lines of evidence in
defining the subcellular location of plant proteins. Plant Cell 21:1625–1631
44. Tsien RY (1997) The green fluorescent protein. Annu Rev Biochem 67:509–544
45. Bogdanov AM, Mishin AS, Yampolsky IV,
Belousov VV, Chudakov DM, Subach FV,
Verkhusha VV, Lukyanov S, Lukyanov KA
(2009) Green fluorescent proteins are lightinduced electron donors. Nat Chem Biol
5:459–461
46. Grebenok RJ, Lambert GM, Galbraith DW
(1997) Characterization of the targeted
nuclear accumulation of GFP within the cells
of transgenic plants. Plant J 12:685–696
47. Chytilova E, Macas J, Sliwinska E, Rafelski S,
Lambert GM, Galbraith DW (2000) Nuclear
dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Biol
Cell 11:2733–2741
48. Zhang CQ, Gong FC, Lambert GM, Galbraith DW (2005) Cell type-specific characterization of nuclear DNA contents within
complex tissues and organs. Plant Methods
1:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-48111-7
49. Zhang CQ, Barthelson RA, Lambert GM,
Galbraith DW (2008) Characterization of
cell-specific
gene
expression
through
fluorescence-activated sorting of nuclei.
Plant Physiol 147:30–40
50. Telford WG (2018) Overview of lasers for
flow cytometry. In: Hawley T, Hawley R
(eds) Flow cytometry protocols. Methods in
molecular biology, vol 1678. Humana Press,
New York, pp 447–479
51. Lawrence WG, Varadi G, Entine G,
Podniesinski E, Wallace PK (2008) A comparison of avalanche photodiode and photomultiplier tube detectors for flow cytometry. In:
Proceedings of SPIE 6859, Imaging, manipulation, and analysis of biomolecules, cells, and
tissues VI, 68590M. https://doi.org/10.
1117/12.758958
52. Lawrence WG, Varadi G, Entine G,
Podniesinski E, Wallace PK (2008) Enhanced
red and near infrared detection in flow cytometry using avalanche photodiodes. Cytometry A 73A:767–776. https://doi.org/10.
1002/cyto.a.20595
53. Mena MA, Treynor TP, Mayo SL, Daugherty
PS (2006) Blue fluorescent proteins with
enhanced brightness and photostability from
a structurally targeted library. Nat Biotechnol
24:1569–1571
54. Subach OM, Cranfill PJ, Davidson MW, Verkhusha VV (2011) An enhanced monomeric
blue fluorescent protein with high chemical
stability of the chromophore. PLoS One 6
(12):e28674. https://doi.org/10.1371/jour
nal.pone.0028674
55. Shaner NC, Campbell RE, Steinbach PA,
Giepmans BNG, Palmer AE, Tsien RY
(2004) Improved monomeric red, orange
and yellow fluorescent proteins derived from
Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein. Nat
Biotechnol 22:1567–1572
56. Merzlyak EM, Goedhart J, Shcherbo D,
Bulina ME, Shcheglov AS, Fradkov AF,
Gaintzeva A, Lukyanov KA, Lukyanov S,
Gadella TW, Chudakov DM (2007) Bright
monomeric red fluorescent protein with an
extended fluorescence lifetime. Nat Methods
4:555–557
57. Lin MZ, McKeown MR, Ng H-L, Aguilera
TA, Shaner NC, Campbell RE, Adams SR,
Gross LA, Ma W, Alber T, Tsien RY (2009)
Autofluorescent proteins with excitation in
the optical window for intravital imaging in
mammals. Chem Biol 16:1169–1179
58. Shcherbo D, Shemiakina II, Ryabova AV,
Luker KE, Schmidt BT, Souslova EA, Gorodnicheva TV, Strukova L, Shidlovskiy KM,
Britanova OV, Zaraisky AG, Lukyanov KA,
Loschenov VB, Luker GD, Chudakov DM
(2010) Near-infrared fluorescent proteins.
Nat Methods 7:827–830
59. Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Telford WG (2017)
Fluorescent proteins for flow cytometry. Curr
Protoc Cytom 80:9.12.1–9.12.20. https://
doi.org/10.1002/cpcy.17
60. Valm AM, Cohen S, Legant WR, Melunis J,
Hershberg U, Wait E, Cohen AR, Davidson
MW, Betzig E, Lippincott-Schwartz J (2017)
Applying systems-level spectral imaging and
analysis to reveal the organelle interactome.
Nature 546:162–167
61. Costantini LM, Baloban M, Markwardt ML,
Rizzo M, Guo F, Verkhusha VV, Snapp EL
(2015) A palette of fluorescent proteins optimized for diverse cellular environments. Nat
Commun 6:Art No:7670. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ncomms8670
62. Gong F-C, Giddings TH, Meehl JB, Staehelin
LA, Galbraith DW (1996) Z-membranes:
artificial organelles for over-expressing recombinant integral membrane proteins. Proc Natl
Acad Sci U S A 93:2219–2223
290
David W. Galbraith and Guiling Sun