174
7 Bioeconomy in the Oil Palm Republic of Indonesia
GAPKI (2020a) Oil palm based bioplastics substitute plastics from fossil fuels. Indonesian Palm
Oil Association (GAPKI). https://gapki.id/en/news/18481/oil-palm-based-bioplastics-substituteplastics-from-fossil-fuels. Accessed 13 Oct 2020
GAPKI (2020b) Covid-19 worsening! Hand sanitizer from palm waste complements preventive
actions. Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI). https://gapki.id/en/news/18469/covid-19worsening-hand-sanitizers-from-palm-waste-complements-preventive-actions. Accessed 13 Oct
2020
Ginting L, Pye O (2011) Resisting agribusiness development: The Merauke Integrated Food and
Energy Estate in West Papua, Indonesia. Paper presented at the International Conference on
Global Land Grabbing, 6–8th April 2011, University of Sussex
Gottwald E (2018) Certifying exploitation: why “sustainable” palm oil production is failing workers.
New Labour Forum 27(2):74–82
Government of Indonesia (2006) National energy policy. Presidential Regulation No. 5/2006.
Government of Indonesia, Jakarta
Gunawan S, Maulana S, Anwar K, Widjaja T (2011) Rice bran, a potential source of biodiesel
production in Indonesia. Ind Crops Prod 33:624–628
Hadiwidjoyo, S (2009) Indonesia’s biofuels policies and program. Presentation on behalf of the
Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Biomass-Asia
Workshop, Hiroshima, Japan, 18–20th November 2009
Huay Lee JS, Koh LP, Wilcove DS (2016) Junking tropical forests for junk food? Front Ecol Environ
14(7):355–356
ICCT (2017) The hidden cost of Indonesia’s biodiesel mandate to consumers. The International
Council on Clean Transportation. https://theicct.org/blog/staff/hidden-cost-indonesia-biodieselmandate. Accessed 14 Oct 2020
IEA (2008) Energy policy review of Indonesia. OECD, International Energy Agency, Paris
IEA (2010) World energy outlook 2010. OECD, International Energy Agency, Paris
IEA (2019) Access to electricity. SDG7: Data and Projections. International Energy Agency. https://
www.iea.org/reports/sdg7-data-and-projections/access-to-electricity#abstract Accessed 14 Oct
2020
Indrawan M, Caldecott J, Ermayanti (2017) Mitigating tensions over land conversion in Papua,
Indonesia. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 4(1): 47–57
IPCC (2019) Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification,
land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in
terrestrial ecosystems. https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/. Accessed 14 Oct 2020
IRENA (2017) Renewable energy prospects: Indonesia. International Renewable Energy Agency
(IRENA), Abu Dhabi
Indonesia Statistics (2019) Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia 2018. BPS Statistik Indonesia. https://
www.bps.go.id. Accessed 14 Oct 2020
Ito T, Rachman NF, Savitri LA (2014) Power to make land dispossession acceptable: a policy
discourse analysis of the Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE), Papua, Indonesia.
J Peasant Stud 41(1): 29–50
Jayed MH, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Mahlia TMI, Husnawan M, Liaquat AM (2011) Prospects
of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia. Renew Sustain Energy Rev
15:220–235
Koh LP, Wilcove DS (2008) Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity? Conserv
Lett 1:60–64
Koh LP, Levang P, Ghazoul J (2009) Designer landscapes for sustainable biofuels. Trends Ecol Evol
24(8):431–438
Koh LP, Miettinen J, Liew SC, Ghazoul J (2011) Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland
conversion to oil palm. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(12):5127–5132
Krismantari I (2007) Subsidies hit biofuels development. The Jakarta Post. https://jawawa.id/new
sitem/subsidies-hit-biofuels-development-1194329517. Accessed 14 Oct 2020
7 Bioeconomy in the Oil Palm Republic of Indonesia
GAPKI (2020a) Oil palm based bioplastics substitute plastics from fossil fuels. Indonesian Palm
Oil Association (GAPKI). https://gapki.id/en/news/18481/oil-palm-based-bioplastics-substituteplastics-from-fossil-fuels. Accessed 13 Oct 2020
GAPKI (2020b) Covid-19 worsening! Hand sanitizer from palm waste complements preventive
actions. Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI). https://gapki.id/en/news/18469/covid-19worsening-hand-sanitizers-from-palm-waste-complements-preventive-actions. Accessed 13 Oct
2020
Ginting L, Pye O (2011) Resisting agribusiness development: The Merauke Integrated Food and
Energy Estate in West Papua, Indonesia. Paper presented at the International Conference on
Global Land Grabbing, 6–8th April 2011, University of Sussex
Gottwald E (2018) Certifying exploitation: why “sustainable” palm oil production is failing workers.
New Labour Forum 27(2):74–82
Government of Indonesia (2006) National energy policy. Presidential Regulation No. 5/2006.
Government of Indonesia, Jakarta
Gunawan S, Maulana S, Anwar K, Widjaja T (2011) Rice bran, a potential source of biodiesel
production in Indonesia. Ind Crops Prod 33:624–628
Hadiwidjoyo, S (2009) Indonesia’s biofuels policies and program. Presentation on behalf of the
Directorate General of Oil and Gas, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources. Biomass-Asia
Workshop, Hiroshima, Japan, 18–20th November 2009
Huay Lee JS, Koh LP, Wilcove DS (2016) Junking tropical forests for junk food? Front Ecol Environ
14(7):355–356
ICCT (2017) The hidden cost of Indonesia’s biodiesel mandate to consumers. The International
Council on Clean Transportation. https://theicct.org/blog/staff/hidden-cost-indonesia-biodieselmandate. Accessed 14 Oct 2020
IEA (2008) Energy policy review of Indonesia. OECD, International Energy Agency, Paris
IEA (2010) World energy outlook 2010. OECD, International Energy Agency, Paris
IEA (2019) Access to electricity. SDG7: Data and Projections. International Energy Agency. https://
www.iea.org/reports/sdg7-data-and-projections/access-to-electricity#abstract Accessed 14 Oct
2020
Indrawan M, Caldecott J, Ermayanti (2017) Mitigating tensions over land conversion in Papua,
Indonesia. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies 4(1): 47–57
IPCC (2019) Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification,
land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in
terrestrial ecosystems. https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/. Accessed 14 Oct 2020
IRENA (2017) Renewable energy prospects: Indonesia. International Renewable Energy Agency
(IRENA), Abu Dhabi
Indonesia Statistics (2019) Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia 2018. BPS Statistik Indonesia. https://
www.bps.go.id. Accessed 14 Oct 2020
Ito T, Rachman NF, Savitri LA (2014) Power to make land dispossession acceptable: a policy
discourse analysis of the Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate (MIFEE), Papua, Indonesia.
J Peasant Stud 41(1): 29–50
Jayed MH, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Mahlia TMI, Husnawan M, Liaquat AM (2011) Prospects
of dedicated biodiesel engine vehicles in Malaysia and Indonesia. Renew Sustain Energy Rev
15:220–235
Koh LP, Wilcove DS (2008) Is oil palm agriculture really destroying tropical biodiversity? Conserv
Lett 1:60–64
Koh LP, Levang P, Ghazoul J (2009) Designer landscapes for sustainable biofuels. Trends Ecol Evol
24(8):431–438
Koh LP, Miettinen J, Liew SC, Ghazoul J (2011) Remotely sensed evidence of tropical peatland
conversion to oil palm. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(12):5127–5132
Krismantari I (2007) Subsidies hit biofuels development. The Jakarta Post. https://jawawa.id/new
sitem/subsidies-hit-biofuels-development-1194329517. Accessed 14 Oct 2020