2.11 Conclusions
Although arsenic removal through adsorption is a widely acceptable technology,
however, fewgaps and challenges still exist for the scientific communities to address.
The followingefforts can be addressed for further development of nanoadsorbents
along with the improvement in laboratory-based experiments. For deployment of
nanoparticles at a larger and wider scale, the green approach of synthesis is required
for upscaling the bulk production of nanoadsorbents. To assess feasibility of
nanoadsorbents for pilot-scale application, comprehensive investigations related to
the removal capabilities of nanoadsorbents under varied experimental conditions are
recommended for such remediation studies, along with the use of representative test
water samples in both batch and column (appropriately designed) experimental
studies, are required. Assessment of the durability of system through time series
analyses under different environmental conditions using laboratory-scale
experiments is also a prerequisite of literature for future investigations. Besides, an
attempting of techno-financial analysis of the laboratory process to get an insight
into further possible upscaling can be explored further.
References
Adomako EE, Williams PN, Deacon C, Meharg AA (2011) Inorganic arsenic and trace elements in
Ghanaian grain staples. Environ Pollut 159(10):2435–2442
Ahammed MM, Davra K (2011) Performance evaluation of biosand filter modified with iron oxidecoated sand for household treatment of drinking water. Desalination 276(1–3):287–293
Ahmed MF (2001a) An overview of arsenic removal Technologies in Bangladesh and India. Civ
Eng:251–269
Ahmed MF (2001b) An overview of arsenic removal technologies in Bangladesh and India.
Technologies for arsenic removal from drinking water. A compilation. Papers presented at the
international workshop technologies for removing arsenic from drinking water, pp 251–269
Ahmed J et al (2010) Ecotoxicology and environmental safety speciation and evaluation of arsenic
in surface water and groundwater samples: a multivariate case study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73
(5):914–923
Ahsan T (2010) Technologies for arsenic removal from groundwater Tanveer Ahsan. SamSam
Water
Alam MO, Shaikh WA, Chakraborty S, Avishek K, Bhattacharya T (2016) Groundwater arsenic
contamination and potential health risk assessment of Gangetic Plains of Jharkhand, India. Expo
Health 8(1):125–142
Ali I (2012) New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem Rev 112(10):5073–5091
Ali MA et al (2006) Groundwater dynamics and arsenic contamination in Bangladesh. Chem Geol
228(1–3):112–136
Alp S et al (2016) Chemical composition and antioxidant activity Ziziphora clinopodioides
ecotypes from Turkey. Rom Biotechnol Lett 21(2):11298–11303
Appelo CAJ, Van Der Weiden MJJ, Tournassat C, Charlet L (2002) Surface complexation of
ferrous iron and carbonate on ferrihydrite and the mobilization of arsenic. Environ Sci Technol
36(14):3096–3103
Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC (2016) Bioremediation techniques–classification
based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 32(11)
50
A. Kumar et al.
Although arsenic removal through adsorption is a widely acceptable technology,
however, fewgaps and challenges still exist for the scientific communities to address.
The followingefforts can be addressed for further development of nanoadsorbents
along with the improvement in laboratory-based experiments. For deployment of
nanoparticles at a larger and wider scale, the green approach of synthesis is required
for upscaling the bulk production of nanoadsorbents. To assess feasibility of
nanoadsorbents for pilot-scale application, comprehensive investigations related to
the removal capabilities of nanoadsorbents under varied experimental conditions are
recommended for such remediation studies, along with the use of representative test
water samples in both batch and column (appropriately designed) experimental
studies, are required. Assessment of the durability of system through time series
analyses under different environmental conditions using laboratory-scale
experiments is also a prerequisite of literature for future investigations. Besides, an
attempting of techno-financial analysis of the laboratory process to get an insight
into further possible upscaling can be explored further.
References
Adomako EE, Williams PN, Deacon C, Meharg AA (2011) Inorganic arsenic and trace elements in
Ghanaian grain staples. Environ Pollut 159(10):2435–2442
Ahammed MM, Davra K (2011) Performance evaluation of biosand filter modified with iron oxidecoated sand for household treatment of drinking water. Desalination 276(1–3):287–293
Ahmed MF (2001a) An overview of arsenic removal Technologies in Bangladesh and India. Civ
Eng:251–269
Ahmed MF (2001b) An overview of arsenic removal technologies in Bangladesh and India.
Technologies for arsenic removal from drinking water. A compilation. Papers presented at the
international workshop technologies for removing arsenic from drinking water, pp 251–269
Ahmed J et al (2010) Ecotoxicology and environmental safety speciation and evaluation of arsenic
in surface water and groundwater samples: a multivariate case study. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73
(5):914–923
Ahsan T (2010) Technologies for arsenic removal from groundwater Tanveer Ahsan. SamSam
Water
Alam MO, Shaikh WA, Chakraborty S, Avishek K, Bhattacharya T (2016) Groundwater arsenic
contamination and potential health risk assessment of Gangetic Plains of Jharkhand, India. Expo
Health 8(1):125–142
Ali I (2012) New generation adsorbents for water treatment. Chem Rev 112(10):5073–5091
Ali MA et al (2006) Groundwater dynamics and arsenic contamination in Bangladesh. Chem Geol
228(1–3):112–136
Alp S et al (2016) Chemical composition and antioxidant activity Ziziphora clinopodioides
ecotypes from Turkey. Rom Biotechnol Lett 21(2):11298–11303
Appelo CAJ, Van Der Weiden MJJ, Tournassat C, Charlet L (2002) Surface complexation of
ferrous iron and carbonate on ferrihydrite and the mobilization of arsenic. Environ Sci Technol
36(14):3096–3103
Azubuike CC, Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC (2016) Bioremediation techniques–classification
based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World J
Microbiol Biotechnol 32(11)
50
A. Kumar et al.