mRNA of an organism (Kumavath and Deverapalli 2013). Metatranscriptomics
studies may be used to determine the activity of expression of the functional
genomes present in environmental samples for research which is about environment
bioremediation. The rapid development of metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics
has made it feasible to predict the functional activities of the consortium of microbes
where anthropogenic activities have contaminated the sites by toxic compounds such
as contamination by hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which can also strongly affect
the diversity of microbes and its structural composition. But contamination varies
that affects three main contents of the ecosystem, i.e. air, water and soil (Malla et al.
2018).
15.6.2.2 Metabolomics and Bioremediation
Metabolomics is an analysis of the metabolite profile of the cell under a given
situation. It is one of the latest approaches to the “omics” tools which is a cuttingedge research and moving towards the study of cellular metabolites of microbes.
Metagenomics, as compared to metabolomics, has already cemented its importance
by playing a significant part to understand the biodiversity and functional viewpoint
of the consortium of microbes. Applications of metabolomics approaches to certain
samples of the environment have made it easy in developing models that may foretell
activities of microbes occurring under different strategies used for bioremediation.
Metabolomics also allows scientists a better understanding of the operations carried
out by communities of microbes and the functional contributions they provide to the
surroundings where they survive. When a microbial cell is subjected under the stress
of the environment, it releases many primary and secondary metabolites which have
been used by metabolomics to explore the functional role of these metabolites.
Recently, various studies have been used in the analysis of microbial metabolome
to investigate the bioremediation of contaminants produced by human activities
(Malla et al. 2018).
Among these many operations are illustrations for the removing contaminants
from the environment; under natural conditions, but these operations act as model
systems for increasing the understanding of researchers towards the biology of
microbes present within the ecosystem. Apart from the remarkable successes
obtained in the laboratory and several failures in the environmental conditions.
Lab-based research is not easy implicating into the field, more novel attempts are
required to enhance the predictability of the results of these processes. The biology
as a subject of bioremediation alone will not completely remove pollution, but also
successful biodegradation needs the efforts of engineering also, to decrease the startup time of operation to set quick and safer sensors that monitor the present situation
which can lead to better microbial efficiency in the degradation process when
required according to the need of environment (Malla et al. 2018). The major
problem encountered in successful Remediation using GEMs is to provide hostile
field conditions for the survival of modified organisms. Thus, under specific
circumstances, GEMs as bioremediating agents can be warranted, despite the probability that these organisms might help in the welfare of the environment and efficacy
in decontamination under real situations should be known (Gillespie and Philp
446
G. Kaur et al.
studies may be used to determine the activity of expression of the functional
genomes present in environmental samples for research which is about environment
bioremediation. The rapid development of metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics
has made it feasible to predict the functional activities of the consortium of microbes
where anthropogenic activities have contaminated the sites by toxic compounds such
as contamination by hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which can also strongly affect
the diversity of microbes and its structural composition. But contamination varies
that affects three main contents of the ecosystem, i.e. air, water and soil (Malla et al.
2018).
15.6.2.2 Metabolomics and Bioremediation
Metabolomics is an analysis of the metabolite profile of the cell under a given
situation. It is one of the latest approaches to the “omics” tools which is a cuttingedge research and moving towards the study of cellular metabolites of microbes.
Metagenomics, as compared to metabolomics, has already cemented its importance
by playing a significant part to understand the biodiversity and functional viewpoint
of the consortium of microbes. Applications of metabolomics approaches to certain
samples of the environment have made it easy in developing models that may foretell
activities of microbes occurring under different strategies used for bioremediation.
Metabolomics also allows scientists a better understanding of the operations carried
out by communities of microbes and the functional contributions they provide to the
surroundings where they survive. When a microbial cell is subjected under the stress
of the environment, it releases many primary and secondary metabolites which have
been used by metabolomics to explore the functional role of these metabolites.
Recently, various studies have been used in the analysis of microbial metabolome
to investigate the bioremediation of contaminants produced by human activities
(Malla et al. 2018).
Among these many operations are illustrations for the removing contaminants
from the environment; under natural conditions, but these operations act as model
systems for increasing the understanding of researchers towards the biology of
microbes present within the ecosystem. Apart from the remarkable successes
obtained in the laboratory and several failures in the environmental conditions.
Lab-based research is not easy implicating into the field, more novel attempts are
required to enhance the predictability of the results of these processes. The biology
as a subject of bioremediation alone will not completely remove pollution, but also
successful biodegradation needs the efforts of engineering also, to decrease the startup time of operation to set quick and safer sensors that monitor the present situation
which can lead to better microbial efficiency in the degradation process when
required according to the need of environment (Malla et al. 2018). The major
problem encountered in successful Remediation using GEMs is to provide hostile
field conditions for the survival of modified organisms. Thus, under specific
circumstances, GEMs as bioremediating agents can be warranted, despite the probability that these organisms might help in the welfare of the environment and efficacy
in decontamination under real situations should be known (Gillespie and Philp
446
G. Kaur et al.