Microorganisms which are proficient in degrading inorganic materials should be
incorporated to degrade plastic polymers and synthetic fabric particles. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the extensively stated microorganisms for polymer degradation through biofilm formation. Mishandled plastic fiber waste is known to exert a
variety of stresses on the environment, and as awareness of these stresses has grown,
labors have been made by municipality, industry, government, and the general
public to reduce fiber wastes. The discharged waters of the fabric industries have
also long been documented as key sources of chemical pollutants, but microplastic
textile fibers have received little environmental attention. Synthetic textile MFs are
separated in each stair of a fabric life cycle, specifically when during laundering
process (Boucher and Friot 2017).
Potential sources of MF’s entry into the environment were determined, but
quantitative estimation of the quantity of these marine litters being emitted from
them was found to be a difficult assignment involving a large degree of ambiguities.
Determining the accurate quantities that actually enter into the sea is more hard and
complicated than estimating the discharges from various sources. Laundering
of synthetic clothes is as the potential source from where the largest amounts of
particles are emitted. For a few MF sources, the estimations of both emissions of
particles and the transfer to the sea are quite straightforward. For example, these
inconspicuous fragments are shed from particles released from laundering and
Table 9.6 Microplastic-particle-degrading microorganisms
Sl.
no.
Microorganisms
Types of polymer
References
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Polyethylene
Kale et al.
(2015)
2
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Polyvinyl chloride
Shah et al.
(2008)
3
Paucimonas lemoignei
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Kale et al.
(2015)
4
Fusarium solani, Aureobasidium
pullulans sp.
Polyurethane
Shimao
(2001)
5
Acinetobacter gerneri, Aspergillus
versicolor
Polyurethane
Howard et al.
(2012)
6
Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp.
Plasticized PVC
Sachin and
Mishra
(2013)
7
Aspergillus sp.
Low-density polyethylene
(LDPE)
Sachin and
Mishra
(2013)
8
Streptomyces sp.
LDPE
Howard et al.
(2012)
9
Pseudomonas fluorescence,
P. aeruginosa, Penicillium
simplicissimum
Poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA)
and polycaprolactone (PCL)
Ahmed
(2018)
10
Agromyces sp.
Nylon 6 (oligomers)
Negoro
(2012)
260
S. Mishra et al.
incorporated to degrade plastic polymers and synthetic fabric particles. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the extensively stated microorganisms for polymer degradation through biofilm formation. Mishandled plastic fiber waste is known to exert a
variety of stresses on the environment, and as awareness of these stresses has grown,
labors have been made by municipality, industry, government, and the general
public to reduce fiber wastes. The discharged waters of the fabric industries have
also long been documented as key sources of chemical pollutants, but microplastic
textile fibers have received little environmental attention. Synthetic textile MFs are
separated in each stair of a fabric life cycle, specifically when during laundering
process (Boucher and Friot 2017).
Potential sources of MF’s entry into the environment were determined, but
quantitative estimation of the quantity of these marine litters being emitted from
them was found to be a difficult assignment involving a large degree of ambiguities.
Determining the accurate quantities that actually enter into the sea is more hard and
complicated than estimating the discharges from various sources. Laundering
of synthetic clothes is as the potential source from where the largest amounts of
particles are emitted. For a few MF sources, the estimations of both emissions of
particles and the transfer to the sea are quite straightforward. For example, these
inconspicuous fragments are shed from particles released from laundering and
Table 9.6 Microplastic-particle-degrading microorganisms
Sl.
no.
Microorganisms
Types of polymer
References
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Polyethylene
Kale et al.
(2015)
2
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Polyvinyl chloride
Shah et al.
(2008)
3
Paucimonas lemoignei
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Kale et al.
(2015)
4
Fusarium solani, Aureobasidium
pullulans sp.
Polyurethane
Shimao
(2001)
5
Acinetobacter gerneri, Aspergillus
versicolor
Polyurethane
Howard et al.
(2012)
6
Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp.
Plasticized PVC
Sachin and
Mishra
(2013)
7
Aspergillus sp.
Low-density polyethylene
(LDPE)
Sachin and
Mishra
(2013)
8
Streptomyces sp.
LDPE
Howard et al.
(2012)
9
Pseudomonas fluorescence,
P. aeruginosa, Penicillium
simplicissimum
Poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA)
and polycaprolactone (PCL)
Ahmed
(2018)
10
Agromyces sp.
Nylon 6 (oligomers)
Negoro
(2012)
260
S. Mishra et al.