These data show that, compared to the level of EAs in the native soil, the
accumulation of enzymes in the discovery materials, whatever their nature, occurred
in the order of the following: invertase > urease > phosphatase. It has been found
that in the parcels installed 18 years ago and spontaneously revegetated, not only the
activity of hydrolytic enzymes (invertase, urease, and phosphatase) but also of
oxidoreducting increased. Growth was more pronounced in catalase than in
dehydrocerase activity. Enzyme activities were determined in other plots. These
were also installed in the Nikopol area, 18 years ago, on the same discovery
materials, but they were revegetated not spontaneously, but by sowing M. sativa
or O. viciifolia, also known as O. sativa or common sainfoin. Under the action of
these plants, the process of hydrolytic enzyme accumulation in all plots has been
intensified. The activity of oxidoreducting enzymes increased, but in contrast to
spontaneous revegetation, the recultivation with M. sativa and O. viciifolia increased
the dehydrogenase activity rather than the catalase activity: the enzymatic properties
of the tailings dumps recultivated to an up-to-date exploitation of the Chiatura
mantle or the basin of the Kvirila River, West Georgia). Native soil had much higher
EAs than uncultivated tailings, consisting of limestone sands and limestone, pH in
H2O – 8.4. Activities increased in recultivated plots but did not reach the values
recorded in native soil. The blend of Lolium multiflorum–M. sativa was more
effective than vines. Covering tailings dumps with a layer of surface soil had a
favorable effect on the accumulation of enzymes (invertase, phosphatase) under the
conditions of cultivation with vines. The 0–20 cm layer was more active and richer
in humus and MOs than the 20–40 cm. There was no link between catalase activity
in tailings dumps and applied recultivation measures (de Varennes et al. 2010).
4.12 Technogenic Soils from Residues from Lead
and Zinc Mines
Studying the decomposition of vegetal remains by increasing the residue of Pb and
Zn mines, inter alia, carried out enzymatic analyzes. The studied residue is located
around the abandoned mine in Y Fan (Powys, Wales) and contains high
concentrations of Pb and Zn. Following the abandonment of the mine (1928), the
residue was partially naturally colonized with A. tenuis tolerant to metals. For
studies, a land colonized equally has been selected. The control was considered a
similar but uncontaminated land, located on a pasture at about 500 m from the mine.
The vegetation of the control field is mainly composed of A. tenuis and Festuca
ovina. The two lands were compared in terms of urease activity in soil, microbial
populations in litter and soil, and litter microfauna. The accumulation of the lithium
was more pronounced on the residue, which contained significantly less humic and
fulvic acids in the soil located immediately beneath the lithium layer. Urease activity
was significantly lower in mine soil than in adjacent pastureland. The number of
MOs in the litter of the two fields was not remarkably different, although the number
of fungi was lower in the mine litter, while the number of bacteria and actinomycetes
124
M. Butu et al.
accumulation of enzymes in the discovery materials, whatever their nature, occurred
in the order of the following: invertase > urease > phosphatase. It has been found
that in the parcels installed 18 years ago and spontaneously revegetated, not only the
activity of hydrolytic enzymes (invertase, urease, and phosphatase) but also of
oxidoreducting increased. Growth was more pronounced in catalase than in
dehydrocerase activity. Enzyme activities were determined in other plots. These
were also installed in the Nikopol area, 18 years ago, on the same discovery
materials, but they were revegetated not spontaneously, but by sowing M. sativa
or O. viciifolia, also known as O. sativa or common sainfoin. Under the action of
these plants, the process of hydrolytic enzyme accumulation in all plots has been
intensified. The activity of oxidoreducting enzymes increased, but in contrast to
spontaneous revegetation, the recultivation with M. sativa and O. viciifolia increased
the dehydrogenase activity rather than the catalase activity: the enzymatic properties
of the tailings dumps recultivated to an up-to-date exploitation of the Chiatura
mantle or the basin of the Kvirila River, West Georgia). Native soil had much higher
EAs than uncultivated tailings, consisting of limestone sands and limestone, pH in
H2O – 8.4. Activities increased in recultivated plots but did not reach the values
recorded in native soil. The blend of Lolium multiflorum–M. sativa was more
effective than vines. Covering tailings dumps with a layer of surface soil had a
favorable effect on the accumulation of enzymes (invertase, phosphatase) under the
conditions of cultivation with vines. The 0–20 cm layer was more active and richer
in humus and MOs than the 20–40 cm. There was no link between catalase activity
in tailings dumps and applied recultivation measures (de Varennes et al. 2010).
4.12 Technogenic Soils from Residues from Lead
and Zinc Mines
Studying the decomposition of vegetal remains by increasing the residue of Pb and
Zn mines, inter alia, carried out enzymatic analyzes. The studied residue is located
around the abandoned mine in Y Fan (Powys, Wales) and contains high
concentrations of Pb and Zn. Following the abandonment of the mine (1928), the
residue was partially naturally colonized with A. tenuis tolerant to metals. For
studies, a land colonized equally has been selected. The control was considered a
similar but uncontaminated land, located on a pasture at about 500 m from the mine.
The vegetation of the control field is mainly composed of A. tenuis and Festuca
ovina. The two lands were compared in terms of urease activity in soil, microbial
populations in litter and soil, and litter microfauna. The accumulation of the lithium
was more pronounced on the residue, which contained significantly less humic and
fulvic acids in the soil located immediately beneath the lithium layer. Urease activity
was significantly lower in mine soil than in adjacent pastureland. The number of
MOs in the litter of the two fields was not remarkably different, although the number
of fungi was lower in the mine litter, while the number of bacteria and actinomycetes
124
M. Butu et al.