methods opted, adsorption stands good for the removal of dyes and pigments from
wastewater due to ease of operation, low cost, and no requirement of the specific
pretreatments of the waste material. Chemical methods can offer reliable decolorization and degradation of a large number of dye effluents. Combined with physical
and biological techniques, chemical methods can provide sustainable solutions to
dye pollution. To unlock the potential of chemical methods, however, there is a dire
need to develop strategies to overcome the sludge production which causes a
secondary pollution problem. Furthermore, chemical techniques usually have a
high cost that hinders large-scale application. Efforts should be made to design
materials that can transform chemical methods into economic and convenient
approaches. One way to achieve the goal is to introduce integrated approaches
based on novel and emerging techniques. For example, the broad specificity of
chemical oxidation methods can be coupled with versatile biological methods,
which can be further assisted by recombinant DNA approach and bio-engineering.
However, the complementarity and compatibility of chemical techniques should be
carefully evaluated. Furthermore, there is a gap in the area of structural elucidation
and characterization of toxic dye effluents before release from the industrial
resources. To address this issue, extensive evaluation of dyestuff material is required
before its release. In the future, validation of integrated and coordinated approaches
on broader scale will most likely produce an economically feasible, practical, and
effective solution.
References
Abdessamad N, Akrout H, Hamdaoui G, Elghniji K, Ksibi M, Bousselmi L (2013) Evaluation of the
efficiency of monopolar and bipolar BDD electrodes for electrochemical oxidation of anthraquinone textile synthetic effluent for reuse. Chemosphere 93(7):1309–1316. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.011
Abdi J, Vossoughi M, Mahmoodi NM, Alemzadeh I (2017) Synthesis of amine-modified zeolitic
imidazolate framework-8, ultrasound-assisted dye removal and modeling. Ultrason Sonochem
39:550–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.030
Abidin CZA, Fahmi MR, Soon-An O, Makhtar SNNM, Rahmat NR (2015) Decolorization of an
azo dye in aqueous solution by ozonation in a semi-batch bubble column reactor. ScienceAsia
41:49–54. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2015.41.049
Adak A, Pal A (2009) Removal kinetics and mechanism for phenol uptake by surfactant-modified
alumina. Desalin Water Treat 6(1–3):269–275. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.547
Ahmad MA, Ahmad N, Bello OS (2014) Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye using durian
seed-based activated carbon. Water Air Soil Pollut 225(8):2057. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11270-014-2057-z
Ahmad MA, Ahmad N, Bello OS (2015a) Adsorption kinetic studies for the removal of synthetic
dye using durian seed activated carbon. J Dispers Sci Technol 36(5):670–684. https://doi.org/
10.1080/01932691.2014.913983
Ahmad MA, Ahmad N, Bello OS (2015b) Modified durian seed as adsorbent for the removal of
methyl red dye from aqueous solutions. Appl Water Sci 5(4):407–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s13201-014-0208-4
642
R. S. Ashraf et al.
wastewater due to ease of operation, low cost, and no requirement of the specific
pretreatments of the waste material. Chemical methods can offer reliable decolorization and degradation of a large number of dye effluents. Combined with physical
and biological techniques, chemical methods can provide sustainable solutions to
dye pollution. To unlock the potential of chemical methods, however, there is a dire
need to develop strategies to overcome the sludge production which causes a
secondary pollution problem. Furthermore, chemical techniques usually have a
high cost that hinders large-scale application. Efforts should be made to design
materials that can transform chemical methods into economic and convenient
approaches. One way to achieve the goal is to introduce integrated approaches
based on novel and emerging techniques. For example, the broad specificity of
chemical oxidation methods can be coupled with versatile biological methods,
which can be further assisted by recombinant DNA approach and bio-engineering.
However, the complementarity and compatibility of chemical techniques should be
carefully evaluated. Furthermore, there is a gap in the area of structural elucidation
and characterization of toxic dye effluents before release from the industrial
resources. To address this issue, extensive evaluation of dyestuff material is required
before its release. In the future, validation of integrated and coordinated approaches
on broader scale will most likely produce an economically feasible, practical, and
effective solution.
References
Abdessamad N, Akrout H, Hamdaoui G, Elghniji K, Ksibi M, Bousselmi L (2013) Evaluation of the
efficiency of monopolar and bipolar BDD electrodes for electrochemical oxidation of anthraquinone textile synthetic effluent for reuse. Chemosphere 93(7):1309–1316. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.chemosphere.2013.07.011
Abdi J, Vossoughi M, Mahmoodi NM, Alemzadeh I (2017) Synthesis of amine-modified zeolitic
imidazolate framework-8, ultrasound-assisted dye removal and modeling. Ultrason Sonochem
39:550–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.030
Abidin CZA, Fahmi MR, Soon-An O, Makhtar SNNM, Rahmat NR (2015) Decolorization of an
azo dye in aqueous solution by ozonation in a semi-batch bubble column reactor. ScienceAsia
41:49–54. https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2015.41.049
Adak A, Pal A (2009) Removal kinetics and mechanism for phenol uptake by surfactant-modified
alumina. Desalin Water Treat 6(1–3):269–275. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.547
Ahmad MA, Ahmad N, Bello OS (2014) Adsorptive removal of malachite green dye using durian
seed-based activated carbon. Water Air Soil Pollut 225(8):2057. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s11270-014-2057-z
Ahmad MA, Ahmad N, Bello OS (2015a) Adsorption kinetic studies for the removal of synthetic
dye using durian seed activated carbon. J Dispers Sci Technol 36(5):670–684. https://doi.org/
10.1080/01932691.2014.913983
Ahmad MA, Ahmad N, Bello OS (2015b) Modified durian seed as adsorbent for the removal of
methyl red dye from aqueous solutions. Appl Water Sci 5(4):407–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s13201-014-0208-4
642
R. S. Ashraf et al.