Chapter 14
Soil as Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst
for the Abatement of Organic Pollutants
Ansaf V. Karim, P. V. Nidheesh, and M. Suresh Kumar
Contents
14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
14.2 Heterogeneous Fenton Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
14.3 Soil as Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
14.3.1 Laterite Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
14.3.2 Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
14.3.3 Volcanic Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
14.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Abstract Fenton oxidation process is an effectual technology for the abatement of
organic compounds seen in wastewater. The homogeneous Fenton process is highly
pH-dependent, sludge production, interference by the formation of complex iron
ions etc. To overcome these disadvantages, environmentally friendly and cheaper
heterogeneous solid catalysts which are highly reactive and stable were used as an
iron source. The usage of a heterogeneous catalyst can decrease the rate of sludge
production and work in an extensive range of pH. Among the different heterogeneous catalyst in Fenton oxidation, soil can be used as an efficient Fenton catalyst for
the degradation of various organic pollutants. This chapter provides an inclusive
review focusing on soil as a heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton processes. Three
major soil classifications, such as clay, volcanic, and laterite, used for degradation of
pollutants are explained. Further, the chapter also reviews the various research
conducted with modified soil minerals.
A. V. Karim
Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
P. V. Nidheesh (*) · M. S. Kumar
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
e-mail: pv_nidheesh@neeri.res.in
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Remediation: Organic Pollutants,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 54,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_14
519
Soil as Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst
for the Abatement of Organic Pollutants
Ansaf V. Karim, P. V. Nidheesh, and M. Suresh Kumar
Contents
14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
14.2 Heterogeneous Fenton Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
14.3 Soil as Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
14.3.1 Laterite Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
14.3.2 Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
14.3.3 Volcanic Soil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
14.4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 532
Abstract Fenton oxidation process is an effectual technology for the abatement of
organic compounds seen in wastewater. The homogeneous Fenton process is highly
pH-dependent, sludge production, interference by the formation of complex iron
ions etc. To overcome these disadvantages, environmentally friendly and cheaper
heterogeneous solid catalysts which are highly reactive and stable were used as an
iron source. The usage of a heterogeneous catalyst can decrease the rate of sludge
production and work in an extensive range of pH. Among the different heterogeneous catalyst in Fenton oxidation, soil can be used as an efficient Fenton catalyst for
the degradation of various organic pollutants. This chapter provides an inclusive
review focusing on soil as a heterogeneous catalyst for Fenton processes. Three
major soil classifications, such as clay, volcanic, and laterite, used for degradation of
pollutants are explained. Further, the chapter also reviews the various research
conducted with modified soil minerals.
A. V. Karim
Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
P. V. Nidheesh (*) · M. S. Kumar
CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
e-mail: pv_nidheesh@neeri.res.in
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to
Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
Inamuddin et al. (eds.), Water Pollution and Remediation: Organic Pollutants,
Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World 54,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52395-4_14
519