Polyethylene
Mortality
Increase (0.5 mg per m
2
)
Development Decrease of body length
Reproduction Decrease of embryo numbers. Decrease of brood size
Cellular
response
Decrease of calcium concentration
Polyvinyl chloride
Mortality
Increase (0.5 mg per m
2
)
Reproduction Decrease of embryo numbers. Decrease of brood size
Cellular
response
Decrease of calcium level in intestines
Polystyrene
Cellular
response
Induction of intestinal reactive oxygen species production and
increase in defecation cycle length from up 10
μg per l. Dose
dependent
Behavior
Decrease of locomotion from up 10
μg per l. Dose dependent
Reproduction Decrease of reproduction from up 1010
μg per l. Dose dependent
Development Transgenerational effects on F1 generation in terms of intestinal
ROS production, locomotion, and reproduction form up
100 10
μg per l
Daphnia magna
Polyethylene
Mortality
Increase (57.43 mg per l)
Raimondo et al. (2007)
Polystyrene
Mortality
Increase (0.66 mg per l)
Booth et al. (2013)
Brachionus
koreanus
Polystyrene
Reproduction Increase of reproduction time for 0.05
μm at 10
μg per ml
Jeong et al. (2016)
Decrease of fecundity at 0.5
μm
Life span
Life span affected for 0.05 and 0.5
μm
Cellular
response
Increase in reactive oxygen species level. Increase in phosphorylation status of p-JNK and p-p38 at 0.05
μm
Sources: Connors et al. (2017), Scherer et al. (2017), Haegerbaeumer et al. (2019)
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