Table 1.4
Effects of microplastic particles on freshwater organisms
Species
Polymer
Parameter
Most significant effects
Reference
Chironomus
tepperi
Polyethylene
Mortality
Increase at 1–4, 10–27, and 43–54
μm
Ziajahromi et al. (2018)
Development Decrease of body length at 1–4, 10–27, and 43–54
μm
Decrease of body parts at 10–27
μm
Delay at 10–27
μm
Emergence
Decrease of emerging rate
Gammarus
fossarum
Polyamide
Assimilation Decrease in assimilation efficiency
Blarer and BurkhardtHolm (2016)
Polymethylmethacrylate Development Decrease in wet weight
Straub et al. (2017)
Assimilation Decrease in assimilation efficiency
Polyhydroxybutyrate
Development Decrease
Gammarus pulex
Polystyrene
Development Decrease
Redondo-Hasselerharm
et al. (2018)
Hyalella azteca
Polyethylene
Mortality
Increase. Dose dependent
Au et al. (2015)
Reproduction Decrease
Polypropylene
Mortality
Increase. Dose dependent
Development Decrease. Dose dependent
Thamnocephalus
platyrus
Polystyrene
Mortality
Increase (4.03 mg per l)
Booth et al. (2013)
Hyalella azteca
Polyethylene
Mortality
Lethal (217.73 mg per l)
Lenz et al. (2015)
Caernorhabditis
elegans
Polyamide
Mortality
Increase (0.5 mg per m
2
)
Lei et al. (2018)
Development Decrease of body length
Reproduction Decrease of embryo numbers
Cellular
response
Decrease of calcium concentration
Polypropylene
Mortality
Increase (0.5 mg per m
2
)
Development Decrease of body length
Reproduction Decrease of embryo numbers
32
V. Godoy et al.