other metabolites are anhydroecgonine, cocaethylene, ecgonidine, p-hydroxylbenzoylecgonine, m-hydroxyl-benzoylecgonine and norecgonidine methyl ester.
9.3.2 Amphetamine Metabolism
Amphetamine classifications are amphetamines, methamphetamines (‘speed’) and
methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘ecstasy or Adam’). The addictive drugs can be
Analytes
Matrix
Influent
Effluent
SW
12 STPs,
Germany
8.4–12.8 Æ 3.1
0.9 Æ 1.2
83
STP, Italy
102 Æ 14
<3.1
<0.9–3.4
M3G
2 STPs, Italy
2.5 Æ 7.1–18.1 Æ 30
<0.48
–
Methadone
5 STPs, Spain 4.0–239
4.0–24.7
–
3 rivers, Italy
–
–
4.9–10.1
2 STPs, Italy
11.6 Æ 1.7–49.7 Æ 9.6
9.1 Æ 0.5–36.2 Æ 2.8
–
12 STPs,
Germany
123 Æ 6
9.0 Æ 12
83
STP, Italy
4–23.9
2–2.7
4.9–10.1
Codeine
5 STPs, Spain 18.1–119.7
3.1–397
–
3 rivers, Italy
–
–
1.0–51
12 STPs,
Germany
80 Æ 5
7.7 Æ 8
9 0
Norcodeine
5 STPs, Spain 5–68.0
15.5–22.9
–
6 Acetyl
codeine
3 rivers, Italy
–
–
<0.31
EDDP
3 rivers, Italy
–
–
9.9–18.0
5 STPs,
Ireland
9.0–206 Æ 10
–
–
2 ST1 STP,
Italy
19.8 Æ 3.1–91.3 Æ 19.2 22.6 Æ 0.6–72.1 Æ 8.7 –
STP, Italy
4.5–41.3
4.9–56.7
9.61–17.5
THC
5 STPs, Spain 11.3–31.5
–
–
2 STP, Italy
62.7 Æ 5–91.2 Æ 24.7
<0.94–7.2 Æ 3.7
–
Barcelona,
Spain
4.3–21.03 Æ 7.8
8.4 Æ 3.8–11. 23
2.65
STP, Italy
8.3–31.5
<8.3
<7.0–13.6
THC-COOH 3 rivers, Italy
–
–
0.48–3.7
STP, Italy
12.5–96.2
12.5
16.4–34.1
5 STPs, Spain 37.8–96.2
14.8–48.1
–
OH- THC
Barcelona,
Spain
8.4–46.3
4.8–15.3
10.7
STPs ¼ sewage treatment plants; M3G ¼ morphine-3-glucuronide; THC = tetrahydrocannabinol;
THC-COOH ¼ 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ
9
-tetrahydrocannabinol; OH-THC ¼ 11-hydroxy-Δ
9
-tetrahydrocannabinol; EDDP ¼ 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine
288
A. O. Mustapha