Analytes
Matrix
Influent
Effluent
SW
MDMA
3 rivers, Italy
–
–
1.1–4.0
Eastern Spain
326–2700.5
100–210.2
–
2 STPs, Italy
13.6–14.2
4.4 Æ 3.7–5.1 Æ 3 –
5 STPs, Spain
91
67
3.5
STP, Italy
2–598
2–267
–
Barcelona, Spain
133–135.13 Æ 29.8
8.2–14.8 Æ 2.2
129
Murray, America
<1.0–10.0
–
–
42 STPs, Spain
2–598
2–267
–
MDEA
5 STPs, Spain
27
<2.1
–
2 STPs, Italy
4.19–1.5 Æ 3.8
<1.64
–
STP, Italy
6–114
12
–
STP, Spain
<500
<100
–
42 STPs, NE Spain 06–114
12
–
Opiates
Heroin
Barcelona Spain
2.4
1.2
–
STP, Italy
20
<20.0
<1.5
Morphine
5 STPs, Spain
25.9–96.7
20.9–81.1
–
3 rivers, Italy
–
–
3.5–38
5 STPs, Ireland
874 Æ 86
452
–
2 STPs, Italy
83.3–204.4
5.5 Æ 11.1
1-2 L
Barcelona, Spain
68.1–162.9 Æ 20.0
21.8 Æ 3.0
3.25
12 STPs, Germany
123 Æ 6
9.0 Æ 1.2
83
STP, Italy
7.1–96.7
0.1–8.1.
4.8–6.3
Nor-morphine 5 STPs, Spain
30.7
–
–
1 STP, Italy
<25
<2.5–3.7
<12.0.5
6 ACM
3 rivers, Italy
–
–
0.93
2 STPs, Italy
10.4 Æ 4.8–11.8 Æ 8.5 –
–
Barcelona, Spain
8.4–12.8 Æ 3.1
2.5–3.6 Æ 0.5
–
MDMA ¼ methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDEA ¼ methylenedioxyethyamphetamine;
6 ACM ¼ 6-monoacetylmorphine; STPs ¼ sewage treatment plants
Analytes
Matrix
Influent
Effluent
SW
MDA
42 STPs,
Spain
03–266
01–200
–
3 Rivers,
Italy
–
–
3 Æ 0.3–4
Eastern
Spain
500–1400
41.0–68.0
–
2 STPs,
Italy
4.6 Æ 7.3–8.7
0.9 Æ 1.9–1.1 Æ 1.5 –
5 STPs,
Spain
03–266
1–200
–
Note:
STPs
¼
sewage
treatment
plants;
Nor-BE
¼
Nor-benzoylecgonine;
MDA ¼ methylenedioxyamphetamine
9 Fate of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Metabolites in the Environment
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