separated by conventional physical separation process. It requires some chemicals
for neutralization of colloidal particles and some new separation technology like
chemical coagulation-flocculation, membrane filtration, adsorption on activated
carbon, oxidation, advanced oxidation, bio-degradation, etc. (Sher et al. 2013).
Coagulation-flocculation is described in the petrochemical wastewater treatment
section. Membrane filtration, adsorption on activated carbon and biodegradation are
also described in the refinery wastewater treatment section. Oxidation or advanced
oxidation is described in the textile wastewater treatment section.
8.5 Effluent Specifications for Petroleum Industries
The environmental, health and safety guidelines of the World Bank group are
scientific and technical documents of good international industry practice to be
followed by industries. All industries should obey these guidelines to ensure safe
and healthy work environment by practicing safe operating procedures, prospective
development as well as prevent pollution and protect the environment. These
guidelines provide performance levels and steps that are considered to be feasible
in new facilities at reasonable costs (World Bank Group, United States 2016).
According to the World Bank Group and the Environmental Protection Agency,
the specifications of hydrocarbon based wastewater that can be discharged from
petroleum industries are listed in Table 8.5.
8.6 Conclusion
The petroleum industries generate fuel and many valuable products, but at the same
time, they exert unfavourable effects on environment, due to emission of hazardous
waste materials. The factors affecting water pollution are the processing technology,
the scale of processing, handling and transportation. The petroleum wastewater
mainly consists of suspended solids, emulsified oil, hydrocarbons, aromatics,
polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, some of which may be carcinogenic.
These pollutants or hazardous compounds adversely affect the water circle when
discharged into the environment. The water pollution can be controlled by following
the three ‘r’s – reduce, recycle and reuse. The effluents from petroleum industries
should be treated by physical, chemical and biological treatment processes as per the
effluent specifications prescribed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The oil
pollution act of 1990 deals with pollution of water bodies by crude oil or related
products. This act imposes strict liability on owners, vendors and operators for oil
spills at both onshore and offshore. The treatment technology depends on the
characteristic, source as well as amount of wastewater. The treatment of petroleum
8 Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Water
271
for neutralization of colloidal particles and some new separation technology like
chemical coagulation-flocculation, membrane filtration, adsorption on activated
carbon, oxidation, advanced oxidation, bio-degradation, etc. (Sher et al. 2013).
Coagulation-flocculation is described in the petrochemical wastewater treatment
section. Membrane filtration, adsorption on activated carbon and biodegradation are
also described in the refinery wastewater treatment section. Oxidation or advanced
oxidation is described in the textile wastewater treatment section.
8.5 Effluent Specifications for Petroleum Industries
The environmental, health and safety guidelines of the World Bank group are
scientific and technical documents of good international industry practice to be
followed by industries. All industries should obey these guidelines to ensure safe
and healthy work environment by practicing safe operating procedures, prospective
development as well as prevent pollution and protect the environment. These
guidelines provide performance levels and steps that are considered to be feasible
in new facilities at reasonable costs (World Bank Group, United States 2016).
According to the World Bank Group and the Environmental Protection Agency,
the specifications of hydrocarbon based wastewater that can be discharged from
petroleum industries are listed in Table 8.5.
8.6 Conclusion
The petroleum industries generate fuel and many valuable products, but at the same
time, they exert unfavourable effects on environment, due to emission of hazardous
waste materials. The factors affecting water pollution are the processing technology,
the scale of processing, handling and transportation. The petroleum wastewater
mainly consists of suspended solids, emulsified oil, hydrocarbons, aromatics,
polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, some of which may be carcinogenic.
These pollutants or hazardous compounds adversely affect the water circle when
discharged into the environment. The water pollution can be controlled by following
the three ‘r’s – reduce, recycle and reuse. The effluents from petroleum industries
should be treated by physical, chemical and biological treatment processes as per the
effluent specifications prescribed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The oil
pollution act of 1990 deals with pollution of water bodies by crude oil or related
products. This act imposes strict liability on owners, vendors and operators for oil
spills at both onshore and offshore. The treatment technology depends on the
characteristic, source as well as amount of wastewater. The treatment of petroleum
8 Treatment of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Water
271