chlorophyteClosterium sp. isolated from oil-polluted environments seem to utilize
crude oil as a unique substrate (Walker et al. 1975; Uzoh et al. 2015).
7.3.2 Cyanobacteria Oil Degradation
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue green algae, are oxygen-evolving photosynthetic
prokaryotes occupying a broad range of habitats across all latitudes. The metabolic
activity of cyanobacteria, including photosynthesis, can affect the oxygen and pH
conditions of the environment and modify the amounts of available organic compounds and nutrients (Oliver and Ganf 2000; Ichor et al. 2016). The capability of
cyanobacteria to degrade compounds including petroleum hydrocarbons has been
widely documented (Abed et al. 2000; Grotzschel et al. 2002; Sanchez et al. 2005;
Table 7.3 List of the main cyanobacterial species used in studies on hydrocarbonbiodegradation
Species
Hydrocarbon
References
Agmenellum
quadruplicatum
Phenenthrene, naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b) and Narro
et al. (1992)
Anabaena cycadae
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Anabaena spp.
Naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b)
Anabaena flos-aquae
Benzo [α]pyrene
Warshasky et al. (1995a, b)
Anabaena spp.
n-octadecane, naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b), Ibraheem
(2010)
Aphanocapsa sp.
Crude oil
Raghukumar et al. (2001)
Aphanothece conferta n-Octadecane
Ibraheem (2010)
Leptolyngbya sp.
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Microcoleus
chthonoplastes
n-hexadecanen-nonadecane,
naphthalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b), Al-Hasan
et al. (1998)
Microcoleus sp.
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Mycrocystis elabens
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Mycrocystis halsatica Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Nostoc spp.
n-octadecane, naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b), Ibraheem
(2010)
Oscillatoria salina
Crude oil
Raghukumar et al. (2001)
Oscillatoria spp.
Naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b)
Phormidium corium
n-Hexadecanen-Nonadecane
Al-Hasan et al. (1998)
Phormidium
faveolaurum
Phenol, crude oil
Ellis (1997) and Ichor et al. (2016)
Phormidium sp.
n-Octadecane, crude oil
Ibraheem (2010) and Ichor et al.
(2016)
Plectonema terebrans Crude oil
Raghukumar et al. (2001)
Pseudoanabaena
minima
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Synechococcus spp.
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Synechocystis
aquatilis
n-Octadecane
Ibraheem (2010)
7 Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Marine Environment
207
crude oil as a unique substrate (Walker et al. 1975; Uzoh et al. 2015).
7.3.2 Cyanobacteria Oil Degradation
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue green algae, are oxygen-evolving photosynthetic
prokaryotes occupying a broad range of habitats across all latitudes. The metabolic
activity of cyanobacteria, including photosynthesis, can affect the oxygen and pH
conditions of the environment and modify the amounts of available organic compounds and nutrients (Oliver and Ganf 2000; Ichor et al. 2016). The capability of
cyanobacteria to degrade compounds including petroleum hydrocarbons has been
widely documented (Abed et al. 2000; Grotzschel et al. 2002; Sanchez et al. 2005;
Table 7.3 List of the main cyanobacterial species used in studies on hydrocarbonbiodegradation
Species
Hydrocarbon
References
Agmenellum
quadruplicatum
Phenenthrene, naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b) and Narro
et al. (1992)
Anabaena cycadae
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Anabaena spp.
Naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b)
Anabaena flos-aquae
Benzo [α]pyrene
Warshasky et al. (1995a, b)
Anabaena spp.
n-octadecane, naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b), Ibraheem
(2010)
Aphanocapsa sp.
Crude oil
Raghukumar et al. (2001)
Aphanothece conferta n-Octadecane
Ibraheem (2010)
Leptolyngbya sp.
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Microcoleus
chthonoplastes
n-hexadecanen-nonadecane,
naphthalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b), Al-Hasan
et al. (1998)
Microcoleus sp.
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Mycrocystis elabens
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Mycrocystis halsatica Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Nostoc spp.
n-octadecane, naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b), Ibraheem
(2010)
Oscillatoria salina
Crude oil
Raghukumar et al. (2001)
Oscillatoria spp.
Naphtalene
Cerniglia et al. (1980b)
Phormidium corium
n-Hexadecanen-Nonadecane
Al-Hasan et al. (1998)
Phormidium
faveolaurum
Phenol, crude oil
Ellis (1997) and Ichor et al. (2016)
Phormidium sp.
n-Octadecane, crude oil
Ibraheem (2010) and Ichor et al.
(2016)
Plectonema terebrans Crude oil
Raghukumar et al. (2001)
Pseudoanabaena
minima
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Synechococcus spp.
Crude oil
Ichor et al. (2016)
Synechocystis
aquatilis
n-Octadecane
Ibraheem (2010)
7 Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons in Marine Environment
207