Liu Y, Tay J-H (2004) State of the art of biogranulation technology for wastewater treatment.
Biotechnol Adv 22(7):533–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2004.05.001
Liu Q, Tay J, Liu Y (2003a) Substrate concentration-independent aerobic granulation in sequential
aerobic sludge blanket reactor. Environ Technol 24(10):1235–1242. https://doi.org/10.1080/
09593330309385665
Liu Y, Yang S-F, Liu Q-S, Tay J-H (2003b) The role of cell hydrophobicity in the formation of
aerobic granules. Curr Microbiol 46(4):0270–0274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3878-3
Liu Y-Q, Wu W-W, Tay J-H, Wang J-L (2007) Starvation is not a prerequisite for the formation of
aerobic granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 76(1):211–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253007-0979-8
Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhang A, Zhang C, Wang X (2014) Study on the process of aerobic granule sludge
rapid formation by using the poly aluminum chloride (PAC). Chem Eng J 250:319–325. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.04.025
Lobos J, Wisniewski C, Heran M, Grasmick A (2008) Sequencing versus continuous membrane
bioreactors: effect of substrate to biomass ratio (F/M) on process performance. J Membr Sci 317
(1–2):71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.041
Manzetti S (2012) Ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and
nitroarenes through molecular properties. Environ Chem Lett 10:349–361. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10311-012-0368-0
McSwain B, Irvine R, Hausner M, Wilderer P (2005) Composition and distribution of extracellular
polymeric substances in aerobic flocs and granular sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 71
(2):1051–1057. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.2.1051-1057.2005
Milia S, Malloci E, Carucci A (2016) Aerobic granulation with petrochemical wastewater in a
sequencing batch reactor under different operating conditions. Desalin Water Treat 57
(57):27978–27987. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1191778
Mondal PK, Ahmad R, Usmani SQ (2010) Anaerobic biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes in a
hybrid UASFB reactor for wastewater remediation. Biodegradation 21(6):1041–1047. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9364-x
Moy BP, Tay JH, Toh SK, Liu Y, Tay SL (2002) High organic loading influences the physical
characteristics of aerobic sludge granules. Lett Appl Microbiol 34(6):407–412. https://doi.org/
10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01108.x
Najib M, Ujang Z, Salim M, Ibrahim Z (2017) Developed microbial granules containing photosynthetic pigments for carbon dioxide reduction in palm oil mill effluent. Int Biodeterior
Biodegradation 116:163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.10.031
Novaković M, Ramadan MMA, Knudsen TŠ, Antić M, Beškoski V, Gojgić-Cvijović G, Vrvić
MM, Jovančićević B (2012) Degradation of methyl-phenanthrene isomers during bioremediation of soil contaminated by residual fuel oil. Environ Chem Lett 10:287–294. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s10311-012-0354-6
Qin L, Tay J-H, Liu Y (2004) Selection pressure is a driving force of aerobic granulation in
sequencing batch reactors. Process Biochem 39(5):579–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00329592(03)00125-0
Sengar A, Basheer F, Aziz A, Farooqi IH (2018) Aerobic granulation technology: laboratory studies
to full scale practices. J Clean Prod 197:616–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.167
Seviour T, Lambert LK, Pijuan M, Yuan Z (2010) Structural determination of a key
exopolysaccharide in mixed culture aerobic sludge granules using NMR spectroscopy. Environ
Sci Technol 44(23):8964–8970. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102658s
Show K-Y, Lee D-J, Tay J-H (2012) Aerobic granulation: advances and challenges. Appl Biochem
Biotechnol 167(6):1622–1640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9609-8
Sturm B, Irvine R (2008) Dissolved oxygen as a key parameter to aerobic granule formation. Water
Sci Technol 58(4):781–787. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.393
Tay J-H, Liu Q-S, Liu Y (2001a) The effects of shear force on the formation, structure and
metabolism of aerobic granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57(1–2):227–233. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s002530100766
Tay JH, Liu QS, Liu Y (2001b) Microscopic observation of aerobic granulation in sequential
aerobic sludge blanket reactor. J Appl Microbiol 91(1):168–175. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.13652672.2001.01374.x
192
S. Ghosh and S. Chakraborty
Biotechnol Adv 22(7):533–563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2004.05.001
Liu Q, Tay J, Liu Y (2003a) Substrate concentration-independent aerobic granulation in sequential
aerobic sludge blanket reactor. Environ Technol 24(10):1235–1242. https://doi.org/10.1080/
09593330309385665
Liu Y, Yang S-F, Liu Q-S, Tay J-H (2003b) The role of cell hydrophobicity in the formation of
aerobic granules. Curr Microbiol 46(4):0270–0274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-002-3878-3
Liu Y-Q, Wu W-W, Tay J-H, Wang J-L (2007) Starvation is not a prerequisite for the formation of
aerobic granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 76(1):211–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253007-0979-8
Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhang A, Zhang C, Wang X (2014) Study on the process of aerobic granule sludge
rapid formation by using the poly aluminum chloride (PAC). Chem Eng J 250:319–325. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.04.025
Lobos J, Wisniewski C, Heran M, Grasmick A (2008) Sequencing versus continuous membrane
bioreactors: effect of substrate to biomass ratio (F/M) on process performance. J Membr Sci 317
(1–2):71–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.08.041
Manzetti S (2012) Ecotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, and
nitroarenes through molecular properties. Environ Chem Lett 10:349–361. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s10311-012-0368-0
McSwain B, Irvine R, Hausner M, Wilderer P (2005) Composition and distribution of extracellular
polymeric substances in aerobic flocs and granular sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 71
(2):1051–1057. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.2.1051-1057.2005
Milia S, Malloci E, Carucci A (2016) Aerobic granulation with petrochemical wastewater in a
sequencing batch reactor under different operating conditions. Desalin Water Treat 57
(57):27978–27987. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1191778
Mondal PK, Ahmad R, Usmani SQ (2010) Anaerobic biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes in a
hybrid UASFB reactor for wastewater remediation. Biodegradation 21(6):1041–1047. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9364-x
Moy BP, Tay JH, Toh SK, Liu Y, Tay SL (2002) High organic loading influences the physical
characteristics of aerobic sludge granules. Lett Appl Microbiol 34(6):407–412. https://doi.org/
10.1046/j.1472-765X.2002.01108.x
Najib M, Ujang Z, Salim M, Ibrahim Z (2017) Developed microbial granules containing photosynthetic pigments for carbon dioxide reduction in palm oil mill effluent. Int Biodeterior
Biodegradation 116:163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.10.031
Novaković M, Ramadan MMA, Knudsen TŠ, Antić M, Beškoski V, Gojgić-Cvijović G, Vrvić
MM, Jovančićević B (2012) Degradation of methyl-phenanthrene isomers during bioremediation of soil contaminated by residual fuel oil. Environ Chem Lett 10:287–294. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s10311-012-0354-6
Qin L, Tay J-H, Liu Y (2004) Selection pressure is a driving force of aerobic granulation in
sequencing batch reactors. Process Biochem 39(5):579–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00329592(03)00125-0
Sengar A, Basheer F, Aziz A, Farooqi IH (2018) Aerobic granulation technology: laboratory studies
to full scale practices. J Clean Prod 197:616–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.167
Seviour T, Lambert LK, Pijuan M, Yuan Z (2010) Structural determination of a key
exopolysaccharide in mixed culture aerobic sludge granules using NMR spectroscopy. Environ
Sci Technol 44(23):8964–8970. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102658s
Show K-Y, Lee D-J, Tay J-H (2012) Aerobic granulation: advances and challenges. Appl Biochem
Biotechnol 167(6):1622–1640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9609-8
Sturm B, Irvine R (2008) Dissolved oxygen as a key parameter to aerobic granule formation. Water
Sci Technol 58(4):781–787. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.393
Tay J-H, Liu Q-S, Liu Y (2001a) The effects of shear force on the formation, structure and
metabolism of aerobic granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57(1–2):227–233. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s002530100766
Tay JH, Liu QS, Liu Y (2001b) Microscopic observation of aerobic granulation in sequential
aerobic sludge blanket reactor. J Appl Microbiol 91(1):168–175. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.13652672.2001.01374.x
192
S. Ghosh and S. Chakraborty