Table 6.2 (continued)
Type of
wastewater
Operating
conditions
Granule
characteristics
Pollutant removal
Reference
Real petroleum
wastewater
i) AGR volume:
3 L; OLR: 2 kg
COD/m
3
.d; NLR:
0.16 kg NH 4
+ –N/
m
3
.day; VER: 50%;
cycle time: 6 h;
superficial air
velocity: 2.2 cm/s
operation time:
223 days
Granule size:
220 μm, SVI:
26.1–41.5 mL/g;
MLVSS/MLSS:
0.9; PS:PN: 1–2
COD: 89% (I:
500 mg/L), NH 4
+ –
N: (I: 42.9 mg/L)
94% and TN: 67%
(I: 70 mg/L)
Zhang et al.
(2011)
ii) SBR ae : aerobic
regime; SBR an :
anaerobic feast and
aerobic famine
regime; feeding
volume: 1–4 L;
VER: 16.6%–
28.6%; feeding
rate: 1 L/min; cycle
time: variable;
OLR: 1.0–1.35 kg
COD/m
3
.d; operation time: 60 days
Granule size:
264.7 μm,
307.4 μm, SVI:
71 mL/g MLSS,
56 mL/g MLSS;
MLVSS: 1.8,
3.4 mg/L; GSV:
10 m/h.
COD: 96.1 Æ 1.8%,
96.6 Æ 0.2% (I:
94.0 Æ 26.2 mg/L;
80.4 Æ 27.8 mg/L;
sCOD:
97.0 Æ 1.3%,
97.7 Æ 1.3% (I:
66.4 Æ 29.8 mg/L,
51.6 Æ 29.0 mg/L).
Caluwé et al.
(2017)
Synthetic
petroleum
wastewater
AGR volume: 71 L;
VER: 50%; H/D:
5.71; cycle time:
4.8–6 h; operation
time: 130 days
Granule size:
0.46–0.9 mm, EPS:
128 mg/g.VSS;
MLSS: 8.5–4.5 g/L;
SVI 30 : 30 mL/g;
integrality coefficient:
99.8% Æ 0.1%
COD: 95% (I:
600 to 900 mg/L);
NH 4
+ -N: 30–39%
(I: 25–40 mg/L);
TN: below 35% (I:
30–47 mg/L); oil:
90% (I: 50–200 mg/
L)
Chen et al.
(2019)
Diesel
wastewater
AGR volume: 3 L;
VER: 50%;
H/D:30.56; cycle
time: 8 h; OLR:
1.8 kg COD/m
3
.
day; NLR:
0.0075–0.075 kg
NH 4
+ -N /m
3
.day;
HLR:
0.015–0.48 kg/m
3 .
day; operation time:
246 days
Granule size:
3.11–3.49 mm,
SVI: 39.80 mL/g
GSV: 23.21 m/h;
VSS: 5.85 g/L;
EPS: 172–218 mg/g
VSS; PN:PS:
3.56–3.96; granule
hydrophobicity:
50–92%
COD: 99.9% (I:
1200 mg/L); NH 4
+ -
N: 91–92% (I:
50 mg/L); Oil:
61–67% (I: 320 mg/
L)
Ghosh and
Chakraborty
(2019)
*I influent concentration (mg/L), AGR aerobic granular reactor, SBR ae sequencing batch reactor aerobic,
SBR an sequencing batch reactor anaerobic, OLR organic loading rate (kg COD/m
3
/day), NLR nitrogen
loading rate (kg NH 4
+
-N/m
3
/day), HLR hydrocarbon loading rate (kg/m
3
/day), SVI sludge volume
index (mL/g), GSV granule settling velocity (m/h), VER volumetric exchange ratio (%), HRT Hydraulic
retention time (day), POME Palm oil mill effluent, EPS extracellular polymeric substances, PN:PS
protein:polysaccharide, H/D height/diameter, MLSS Mixed liquor suspended solids (g/L), MLVSS
Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (g/L), SS suspended solids (g/L), VSS volatile suspended solids
(g/L), CODchemical oxygen demand (mg/L), sCOD soluble chemical oxygen demand (mg/L), NH 4
+
–
N ammonia-nitrogen (mg/L) ADMI American Dye Manufacturer’s Institute unit
6 Aerobic Granulation in Hydrocarbon-Rich Wastewater Treatment
189
Type of
wastewater
Operating
conditions
Granule
characteristics
Pollutant removal
Reference
Real petroleum
wastewater
i) AGR volume:
3 L; OLR: 2 kg
COD/m
3
.d; NLR:
0.16 kg NH 4
+ –N/
m
3
.day; VER: 50%;
cycle time: 6 h;
superficial air
velocity: 2.2 cm/s
operation time:
223 days
Granule size:
220 μm, SVI:
26.1–41.5 mL/g;
MLVSS/MLSS:
0.9; PS:PN: 1–2
COD: 89% (I:
500 mg/L), NH 4
+ –
N: (I: 42.9 mg/L)
94% and TN: 67%
(I: 70 mg/L)
Zhang et al.
(2011)
ii) SBR ae : aerobic
regime; SBR an :
anaerobic feast and
aerobic famine
regime; feeding
volume: 1–4 L;
VER: 16.6%–
28.6%; feeding
rate: 1 L/min; cycle
time: variable;
OLR: 1.0–1.35 kg
COD/m
3
.d; operation time: 60 days
Granule size:
264.7 μm,
307.4 μm, SVI:
71 mL/g MLSS,
56 mL/g MLSS;
MLVSS: 1.8,
3.4 mg/L; GSV:
10 m/h.
COD: 96.1 Æ 1.8%,
96.6 Æ 0.2% (I:
94.0 Æ 26.2 mg/L;
80.4 Æ 27.8 mg/L;
sCOD:
97.0 Æ 1.3%,
97.7 Æ 1.3% (I:
66.4 Æ 29.8 mg/L,
51.6 Æ 29.0 mg/L).
Caluwé et al.
(2017)
Synthetic
petroleum
wastewater
AGR volume: 71 L;
VER: 50%; H/D:
5.71; cycle time:
4.8–6 h; operation
time: 130 days
Granule size:
0.46–0.9 mm, EPS:
128 mg/g.VSS;
MLSS: 8.5–4.5 g/L;
SVI 30 : 30 mL/g;
integrality coefficient:
99.8% Æ 0.1%
COD: 95% (I:
600 to 900 mg/L);
NH 4
+ -N: 30–39%
(I: 25–40 mg/L);
TN: below 35% (I:
30–47 mg/L); oil:
90% (I: 50–200 mg/
L)
Chen et al.
(2019)
Diesel
wastewater
AGR volume: 3 L;
VER: 50%;
H/D:30.56; cycle
time: 8 h; OLR:
1.8 kg COD/m
3
.
day; NLR:
0.0075–0.075 kg
NH 4
+ -N /m
3
.day;
HLR:
0.015–0.48 kg/m
3 .
day; operation time:
246 days
Granule size:
3.11–3.49 mm,
SVI: 39.80 mL/g
GSV: 23.21 m/h;
VSS: 5.85 g/L;
EPS: 172–218 mg/g
VSS; PN:PS:
3.56–3.96; granule
hydrophobicity:
50–92%
COD: 99.9% (I:
1200 mg/L); NH 4
+ -
N: 91–92% (I:
50 mg/L); Oil:
61–67% (I: 320 mg/
L)
Ghosh and
Chakraborty
(2019)
*I influent concentration (mg/L), AGR aerobic granular reactor, SBR ae sequencing batch reactor aerobic,
SBR an sequencing batch reactor anaerobic, OLR organic loading rate (kg COD/m
3
/day), NLR nitrogen
loading rate (kg NH 4
+
-N/m
3
/day), HLR hydrocarbon loading rate (kg/m
3
/day), SVI sludge volume
index (mL/g), GSV granule settling velocity (m/h), VER volumetric exchange ratio (%), HRT Hydraulic
retention time (day), POME Palm oil mill effluent, EPS extracellular polymeric substances, PN:PS
protein:polysaccharide, H/D height/diameter, MLSS Mixed liquor suspended solids (g/L), MLVSS
Mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (g/L), SS suspended solids (g/L), VSS volatile suspended solids
(g/L), CODchemical oxygen demand (mg/L), sCOD soluble chemical oxygen demand (mg/L), NH 4
+
–
N ammonia-nitrogen (mg/L) ADMI American Dye Manufacturer’s Institute unit
6 Aerobic Granulation in Hydrocarbon-Rich Wastewater Treatment
189