D. Minimal use of synthetic clothes – We should try to focus on changing the way
we wash our clothes to reduce the release of microfibers. These include the
following:
• To wash less frequently synthetic clothes.
• To use fiber filter during washing process of synthetic clothes.
• Try to use more liquid laundry soap rather than powder soaps, since powder
soap loosens more microfibers.
• To use bags or other devices in washing machine to accumulate microfibers.
• Not to wash floss from dryer down the drain. Throw it out into the bin.
E. Shopping – Always carry a cotton bag during shopping.
F. Minimal use of bottled water – Avoid use of bottled water, to stop single use of
plastic and protect environment. Every year, around 20 billion polyethylene
terephthalate bottles are disposed in the debris. This amount can be reduced by
our little efforts. We can always bring usable bottle with us and avoid dumping
used polyethylene terephthalate bottles anywhere in open land. If we are scared
about the quality of our local tap water, we should use filter attached to our tap.
G. Use of filter – We search for a filter, which can eliminate or separate all
microplastics from drinking water via simple filtration process.
H. Recycling – It looks obvious, although we are not doing a perfect job. We are
confused about what can and can’t go into the bin. We have lack of knowledge
about different kinds of plastics and e-waste. In case of plastics, we can find out
the number on the basis of the plastic canister and in case of e-waste, we need to
categorize it to separate it for recycling.
I. Organization fighting to save ocean fromplasticsande-wasteaccumulation – A
hazardous risk of plastics and e-waste in drinking bottled water was also
reviewed by World Health Organization. It was reported that bottled water
contains more than 90% tiny pieces of plastic. Even researchers also found
high levels of microplastics in tap water. These e-plastics may be converted
into energy to make them useful (Chandrasekaran et al. 2018).
4.7 Challenges During Detection of Microwaste
and Nanowaste
A variety of issues may arise during the use of nanoparticles in aquatic tests or whole
sediment toxicity tests in the presence or absence of cocontaminants. It is not
possible to identify nanoparticles in the environment or to isolate adequate amounts
from the environment for research. This reveals that manufactured nanoparticles
need to be used and only commercially available types can be tested. Nanoparticles
present in the environment include different polymers of varying sizes and shapes.
Manufactured nanoparticles will thus show different behavior of environmental
nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles come with various additives, monomers,
or oligomers of the plastics. Commercial nanoparticles are useless for toxicity test,
4 Plastics and e-Waste, a Threat to Water Systems
127
we wash our clothes to reduce the release of microfibers. These include the
following:
• To wash less frequently synthetic clothes.
• To use fiber filter during washing process of synthetic clothes.
• Try to use more liquid laundry soap rather than powder soaps, since powder
soap loosens more microfibers.
• To use bags or other devices in washing machine to accumulate microfibers.
• Not to wash floss from dryer down the drain. Throw it out into the bin.
E. Shopping – Always carry a cotton bag during shopping.
F. Minimal use of bottled water – Avoid use of bottled water, to stop single use of
plastic and protect environment. Every year, around 20 billion polyethylene
terephthalate bottles are disposed in the debris. This amount can be reduced by
our little efforts. We can always bring usable bottle with us and avoid dumping
used polyethylene terephthalate bottles anywhere in open land. If we are scared
about the quality of our local tap water, we should use filter attached to our tap.
G. Use of filter – We search for a filter, which can eliminate or separate all
microplastics from drinking water via simple filtration process.
H. Recycling – It looks obvious, although we are not doing a perfect job. We are
confused about what can and can’t go into the bin. We have lack of knowledge
about different kinds of plastics and e-waste. In case of plastics, we can find out
the number on the basis of the plastic canister and in case of e-waste, we need to
categorize it to separate it for recycling.
I. Organization fighting to save ocean fromplasticsande-wasteaccumulation – A
hazardous risk of plastics and e-waste in drinking bottled water was also
reviewed by World Health Organization. It was reported that bottled water
contains more than 90% tiny pieces of plastic. Even researchers also found
high levels of microplastics in tap water. These e-plastics may be converted
into energy to make them useful (Chandrasekaran et al. 2018).
4.7 Challenges During Detection of Microwaste
and Nanowaste
A variety of issues may arise during the use of nanoparticles in aquatic tests or whole
sediment toxicity tests in the presence or absence of cocontaminants. It is not
possible to identify nanoparticles in the environment or to isolate adequate amounts
from the environment for research. This reveals that manufactured nanoparticles
need to be used and only commercially available types can be tested. Nanoparticles
present in the environment include different polymers of varying sizes and shapes.
Manufactured nanoparticles will thus show different behavior of environmental
nanoparticles. Synthesized nanoparticles come with various additives, monomers,
or oligomers of the plastics. Commercial nanoparticles are useless for toxicity test,
4 Plastics and e-Waste, a Threat to Water Systems
127