Distribution and Impact of Microplastics in the Aquatic …
101
40. Silva-Cavalcanti JS, Silva JDB, França EJ, de Araújo MCB, de Gusmão F (2017) Microplastics
ingestion by a common tropical freshwater fishing resource. Environ Pollut 221:218–226.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.068
41. Pazos RS, Maiztegui T, Colautti DC, Paracampo AH, Gómez N (2017) Microplastics in gut
contents of coastal freshwater fish from Río de la Plata estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 122:85–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.007
42. Hurley RR, Woodward JC, Rothwell JJ (2017) Ingestion of Microplastics by Freshwater
Tubifex Worms. Environ Sci Technol 51:12844–12851. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b0
3567
43. Su L, Cai H, Kolandhasamy P, Wu C, Rochman CM, Shi H (2018) Using the Asian clam as
an indicator of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Environ Pollut 234:347–355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.075
44. Zhang K, Xiong X, Hu H, Wu C, Bi Y, Wu Y, Zhou B, Lam PK, Liu J (2017) Occurrence and
characteristics of microplastic pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir. China
Environ Sci Technol 51:3794–3801. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00369
45. Faure F, Demars C, Wieser O, Kunz M, de Alencastro LF (2015) Plastic pollution in
Swiss surface waters: nature and concentrations, interaction with pollutants. (Special Issue:
Microplastics in the environment). Environ Chem 12:582–591
46. Andrady AL (2015) Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans. In: Bergmann M, Gutow L,
Klages M (eds) Marine anthropogenic litter. Springer, Cham, pp 57–72. ISBN 9783319165097
47. Gewert B, Plassmann MM, Macleod M (2015) Pathways for degradation of plastic polymers
floating in the marine environment. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17:1513–1521. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c5em00207a
48. Browne MA, Dissanayake A, Galloway TS, Lowe DM, Thompson RC (2008) Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.). Environ
Sci Technol 43:5026–5031. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800249a
49. Moore CJ, Moore SL, Leecaster MK, Weisberg SB (2001) A comparison of plastic and
plankton in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Mar Pollut Bull 42:1297–1300. https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00114-X
50. Moore CJ (2008) Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, longterm threat. Environ Res 108:131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.025
51. Kühn S, van Franeker JA (2012) Plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)
in Iceland. Mar Pollut Bull 64:1252–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.027
52. Eriksson C, Burton H (2003) Origins and biological accumulation of small plastic particles
in fur seals from Macquarie Island. AMBIO A J Hum Environ 32:380–384
53. Farrell P, Nelson K (2013) Trophic level transfer of microplastic: Mytilus edulis (L.) to
Carcinus maenas (L.). Environ Pollut 177:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.046
54. Murray F, Cowie PR (2011) Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops
norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mar Pollut Bull 62:1207–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar
polbul.2011.03.032
55. Setälä O, Fleming-Lehtinen V, Lehtiniemi M (2014) Ingestion and transfer of microplastics
in the planktonic food web. Environ Pollut 185:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.
10.013
56. Bergmann M, Gutow L, Klages M (2015) Marine anthropogenic litter. ISBN 9783319165103
57. Ma H, Pu S, Liu S, Bai Y, Mandal S, Xing B (2020) Microplastics in aquatic environments:
toxicity to trigger ecological consequences. Environ Pollut 261:114089. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.envpol.2020.114089
58. Wright SL, Thompson RC, Galloway TS (2013) The physical impacts of microplastics on
marine organisms: a review. Environ Pollut 178:483–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.
2013.02.031
59. Li J, Liu H, Chen JP (2018) Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence,
environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Res 137:362–374.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056
101
40. Silva-Cavalcanti JS, Silva JDB, França EJ, de Araújo MCB, de Gusmão F (2017) Microplastics
ingestion by a common tropical freshwater fishing resource. Environ Pollut 221:218–226.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.068
41. Pazos RS, Maiztegui T, Colautti DC, Paracampo AH, Gómez N (2017) Microplastics in gut
contents of coastal freshwater fish from Río de la Plata estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 122:85–90.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.007
42. Hurley RR, Woodward JC, Rothwell JJ (2017) Ingestion of Microplastics by Freshwater
Tubifex Worms. Environ Sci Technol 51:12844–12851. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b0
3567
43. Su L, Cai H, Kolandhasamy P, Wu C, Rochman CM, Shi H (2018) Using the Asian clam as
an indicator of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Environ Pollut 234:347–355.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.075
44. Zhang K, Xiong X, Hu H, Wu C, Bi Y, Wu Y, Zhou B, Lam PK, Liu J (2017) Occurrence and
characteristics of microplastic pollution in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir. China
Environ Sci Technol 51:3794–3801. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00369
45. Faure F, Demars C, Wieser O, Kunz M, de Alencastro LF (2015) Plastic pollution in
Swiss surface waters: nature and concentrations, interaction with pollutants. (Special Issue:
Microplastics in the environment). Environ Chem 12:582–591
46. Andrady AL (2015) Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans. In: Bergmann M, Gutow L,
Klages M (eds) Marine anthropogenic litter. Springer, Cham, pp 57–72. ISBN 9783319165097
47. Gewert B, Plassmann MM, Macleod M (2015) Pathways for degradation of plastic polymers
floating in the marine environment. Environ Sci Process Impacts 17:1513–1521. https://doi.
org/10.1039/c5em00207a
48. Browne MA, Dissanayake A, Galloway TS, Lowe DM, Thompson RC (2008) Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.). Environ
Sci Technol 43:5026–5031. https://doi.org/10.1021/es800249a
49. Moore CJ, Moore SL, Leecaster MK, Weisberg SB (2001) A comparison of plastic and
plankton in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Mar Pollut Bull 42:1297–1300. https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0025-326X(01)00114-X
50. Moore CJ (2008) Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, longterm threat. Environ Res 108:131–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2008.07.025
51. Kühn S, van Franeker JA (2012) Plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis)
in Iceland. Mar Pollut Bull 64:1252–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.02.027
52. Eriksson C, Burton H (2003) Origins and biological accumulation of small plastic particles
in fur seals from Macquarie Island. AMBIO A J Hum Environ 32:380–384
53. Farrell P, Nelson K (2013) Trophic level transfer of microplastic: Mytilus edulis (L.) to
Carcinus maenas (L.). Environ Pollut 177:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.01.046
54. Murray F, Cowie PR (2011) Plastic contamination in the decapod crustacean Nephrops
norvegicus (Linnaeus, 1758). Mar Pollut Bull 62:1207–1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar
polbul.2011.03.032
55. Setälä O, Fleming-Lehtinen V, Lehtiniemi M (2014) Ingestion and transfer of microplastics
in the planktonic food web. Environ Pollut 185:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.
10.013
56. Bergmann M, Gutow L, Klages M (2015) Marine anthropogenic litter. ISBN 9783319165103
57. Ma H, Pu S, Liu S, Bai Y, Mandal S, Xing B (2020) Microplastics in aquatic environments:
toxicity to trigger ecological consequences. Environ Pollut 261:114089. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.envpol.2020.114089
58. Wright SL, Thompson RC, Galloway TS (2013) The physical impacts of microplastics on
marine organisms: a review. Environ Pollut 178:483–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.
2013.02.031
59. Li J, Liu H, Chen JP (2018) Microplastics in freshwater systems: A review on occurrence,
environmental effects, and methods for microplastics detection. Water Res 137:362–374.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.056