98
T. A. Aragaw and B. A. Mekonnen
MPs in invertebrate triggered feeding rate reduction, accumulated in lipid storage
droplets, increased enzyme activities, and alter feeding, energy assimilation, growth,
and reproductive output. Besides, the chronic exposure to MPs in phytoplankton
causes growth inhibition, reduces photosynthesis, and altered chloroplastic gene
expression. Ultimately, microplastic exposure results in altered behavior, bioturbation, and carbon export. This causes motility, hiding responses, and predator-prey
interactions resulting in an alteration of habitat structure which poses individual
physiology with ecosystem function.
In this review paper, the occurrence, interaction, and toxicity behaviors of MP in
the marine and freshwater aquatic biota were encapsulated, and the research advancements on the ecotoxicological effects of MPs and associated noxious waste on marine
and freshwater aquatic organisms are discussed. Based on the researched indication
presented in this paper, it is clear that there is a fundamental knowledge gap on the
toxicity of MP infected biota on human health. Taking into consideration the imperative role of fish as a protein source for human beings, continual research investigations
are extremely suggested to demonstrate the ecotoxicological effects of MPs on food
webs from individual to population levels. This might also indorse the improvement
and execution of proper strategies or protocols to cut the entry of MP into the aquatic
environments that promote the protection of aquatic life.
Further research is required on the health impacts of MP on human beings due
to ingestion through foodweb. In addition, the combined toxic effects of MPs and
other associated environmental pollutants should also be studied extensively. Hence,
it is a signal appeal for ecotoxicologists and ecologists to study the likely hostile
effects of MPs at ecologically reported particle array and safeguard the ecological
unit for sustainable development. Besides, detailed experimental researches on the
ecotoxicological impacts through the food chain on human beings is required.
Tadele Assefa Aragaw and Bassazin Ayalew Mekonnen Conceptualization, Data gathering
analysis, writing the original draft preparation, interpretation, Final reviewing, and editing.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank those organizations and scholars whom we have
used previously findings related to this work. The authors also apologize to all intellectuals, and
organizations whose involvement in the field of microplastic pollution and ecotoxicity may have
been reviewed by the mistake or inadequately recognized.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or
personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
1. Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL (2017) Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci
Adv 3:e1700782
2. Rochman CM, Browne MA, Halpern BS, Hentschel BT, Hoh E, Karapanagioti HK, Thompson
CR (2013) Policy: classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature 494:169–170. https://doi.org/
10.1038/494169a
T. A. Aragaw and B. A. Mekonnen
MPs in invertebrate triggered feeding rate reduction, accumulated in lipid storage
droplets, increased enzyme activities, and alter feeding, energy assimilation, growth,
and reproductive output. Besides, the chronic exposure to MPs in phytoplankton
causes growth inhibition, reduces photosynthesis, and altered chloroplastic gene
expression. Ultimately, microplastic exposure results in altered behavior, bioturbation, and carbon export. This causes motility, hiding responses, and predator-prey
interactions resulting in an alteration of habitat structure which poses individual
physiology with ecosystem function.
In this review paper, the occurrence, interaction, and toxicity behaviors of MP in
the marine and freshwater aquatic biota were encapsulated, and the research advancements on the ecotoxicological effects of MPs and associated noxious waste on marine
and freshwater aquatic organisms are discussed. Based on the researched indication
presented in this paper, it is clear that there is a fundamental knowledge gap on the
toxicity of MP infected biota on human health. Taking into consideration the imperative role of fish as a protein source for human beings, continual research investigations
are extremely suggested to demonstrate the ecotoxicological effects of MPs on food
webs from individual to population levels. This might also indorse the improvement
and execution of proper strategies or protocols to cut the entry of MP into the aquatic
environments that promote the protection of aquatic life.
Further research is required on the health impacts of MP on human beings due
to ingestion through foodweb. In addition, the combined toxic effects of MPs and
other associated environmental pollutants should also be studied extensively. Hence,
it is a signal appeal for ecotoxicologists and ecologists to study the likely hostile
effects of MPs at ecologically reported particle array and safeguard the ecological
unit for sustainable development. Besides, detailed experimental researches on the
ecotoxicological impacts through the food chain on human beings is required.
Tadele Assefa Aragaw and Bassazin Ayalew Mekonnen Conceptualization, Data gathering
analysis, writing the original draft preparation, interpretation, Final reviewing, and editing.
Acknowledgements We would like to thank those organizations and scholars whom we have
used previously findings related to this work. The authors also apologize to all intellectuals, and
organizations whose involvement in the field of microplastic pollution and ecotoxicity may have
been reviewed by the mistake or inadequately recognized.
Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or
personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
1. Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL (2017) Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci
Adv 3:e1700782
2. Rochman CM, Browne MA, Halpern BS, Hentschel BT, Hoh E, Karapanagioti HK, Thompson
CR (2013) Policy: classify plastic waste as hazardous. Nature 494:169–170. https://doi.org/
10.1038/494169a