94
T. A. Aragaw and B. A. Mekonnen
Table 3
(continued)
Type of
chemical
Microplastic
Associated pollutants
Species name
MPs toxic effect only Joint MPs and associated
pollutant effect
References
PE
PS
PAHs
mussel
Mytilus
galloprovincialis
Accumulation in
hemolymph, gills,
and digestive issues
Changes in immune
reaction, lysosomal
section, peroxisomal
production,
antioxidant,
neurotoxic effects,
the beginning of
genotoxicity
PAHs adsorption uplifts
availability and toxicity
mechanisms of the chemicals
[107]
PE
PAHs/PCBs/PBDEs
Japanese medaka
Oryzias latipes
Root for change in
gene expression
Causes malfunctioning of the
endocrine system of aquatic
organism
[104]
PVC
nonylphenol, triclosan,
phenanthrene, and
PBDE-47
lugworms
Causes greater than
30% and more
vulnerable to
oxidative stress
Reduced disease-causing
bacteria removal capacity of
coelomocytes by >60%
Reduced the ability of worms to
cause sediments and instigated
death by >55%
[105]
PS
PCBs
lugworms
reduction in feeding
activity
no effects on survival, but PCBs
within tissues raised by 1.1–1.5
factors
[106]