thus affect the quality of water adversely. For reducing river pollution, the role of
riparian ecotone in scrubbing the pollutants, mainly sediments, nitrogen and phosphorus, was found to be significant; therefore, extensive riparian ecotone–based
studies are recommended so that riparian ecotone can be used as mean to manage the
degrading rivers. There are multiform determinants such as transparent
exopolymeric particles (TEP), diatom-dominance-diversity linkages, microbial
extracellular enzymes (EE), ecological response index (ERI) and ecosystem feedbacks. They can be used as novel tools to assess the impact of human activities on
ecological functioning and assimilation capacity of the river.
Few of the chapters also deliberated upon the current scenario of wastewater
application and its consequences on agricultural system. The control measures to
reduce contaminants in water, which reduce their utility in agriculture, are discussed
in detail to find out sustainable solutions. In this regard, several physico-chemical
and biological methods and their limitations are discussed. Some of the important
low-cost and easy control methods include precipitation, adsorption, membrane
based filters, etc. The biological control methods including bioremediation and
phytoremediation have also been discussed particularly for reducing arsenic contamination. For heavy metals, which are major components of industrial waste water,
technologies using nanoparticles, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration,
chemical precipitation, coagulation–flocculation and electrochemical treatments
have been suggested. Adsorption on biomass-derived bio-sorbents can provide the
capability to treat wastewater on a large scale and has been detailed in this book.
Various issues discussed in the book set the stage for understanding and assessing
the current and possible future scenarios of management of river pollution.
Overall, the information compiled in this book has covered the in-depth knowledge about advanced technologies to sort out the problem of water pollution
sustainably in the future. Finally, the book is in its present form only because of
the concerted efforts of the contributors, who are experts from India and the other
parts of the world in their respective fields.
Varanasi, India
Anita Singh
M. Agrawal
S. B. Agrawal
viii
Preface
riparian ecotone in scrubbing the pollutants, mainly sediments, nitrogen and phosphorus, was found to be significant; therefore, extensive riparian ecotone–based
studies are recommended so that riparian ecotone can be used as mean to manage the
degrading rivers. There are multiform determinants such as transparent
exopolymeric particles (TEP), diatom-dominance-diversity linkages, microbial
extracellular enzymes (EE), ecological response index (ERI) and ecosystem feedbacks. They can be used as novel tools to assess the impact of human activities on
ecological functioning and assimilation capacity of the river.
Few of the chapters also deliberated upon the current scenario of wastewater
application and its consequences on agricultural system. The control measures to
reduce contaminants in water, which reduce their utility in agriculture, are discussed
in detail to find out sustainable solutions. In this regard, several physico-chemical
and biological methods and their limitations are discussed. Some of the important
low-cost and easy control methods include precipitation, adsorption, membrane
based filters, etc. The biological control methods including bioremediation and
phytoremediation have also been discussed particularly for reducing arsenic contamination. For heavy metals, which are major components of industrial waste water,
technologies using nanoparticles, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration,
chemical precipitation, coagulation–flocculation and electrochemical treatments
have been suggested. Adsorption on biomass-derived bio-sorbents can provide the
capability to treat wastewater on a large scale and has been detailed in this book.
Various issues discussed in the book set the stage for understanding and assessing
the current and possible future scenarios of management of river pollution.
Overall, the information compiled in this book has covered the in-depth knowledge about advanced technologies to sort out the problem of water pollution
sustainably in the future. Finally, the book is in its present form only because of
the concerted efforts of the contributors, who are experts from India and the other
parts of the world in their respective fields.
Varanasi, India
Anita Singh
M. Agrawal
S. B. Agrawal
viii
Preface