Preface
In order to understand the meaning and to communicate successfully in groups, it is
necessary to have complete knowledge about a particular problem. The main
objective of the present edited book is also to provide a holistic view of every aspect
of the topic entitled “Water Pollution and Management Practices”. The concentrations of pollutants are increasing in the water system day by day. These pollutants
include organic contaminants such as pesticides, solvents, and petroleum products
and inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and simple
soluble salts. Water pollutants have both natural (fires, volcano eruptions, soil or
rock erosion, biodegradation) as well as anthropogenic (air and soil pollution,
herbicides) origins. Above safe limits, these pollutants may have a toxic impact on
aquatic systems, including various life forms, and upon transfer to terrestrial systems, they can negatively affect biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystems. In
plants, pollutants not only affect the biochemical and physiological activities but
also disturb the signalling pathway.
The book gives comprehensive and concise knowledge about water pollutants
and recent advancements in the field of sustainable technologies to reduce the level
of pollutants as well as to reduce the burden on human health. The major water
pollutants dealt in this book are water-borne microbial contaminants, nitrogenous
wastes, industrial effluents, textile wastes, agricultural runoff, dyes, and antibiotics
and their consequent effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial contamination of drinking water is suggested to be one of the most important issues of
human health risk during present times. Further, to monitor the groundwater contaminants, an application of artificial intelligence is discussed in detail, which can
help in developing prediction models for globally concerning contaminants, including arsenic, fluoride and nitrate. Hybrid ML–DL models, could be especially useful
under the many-dimensional nature of environmental data and can be used as a
decision-support system to create proactive environmental-management policies.
The expansion of urban and cultivated areas has been found to cause evident
alterations in the natural landscape and natural processes that interfere with hydrological cycles and influence the fluxes of discharge and runoff on various scales and
vii
In order to understand the meaning and to communicate successfully in groups, it is
necessary to have complete knowledge about a particular problem. The main
objective of the present edited book is also to provide a holistic view of every aspect
of the topic entitled “Water Pollution and Management Practices”. The concentrations of pollutants are increasing in the water system day by day. These pollutants
include organic contaminants such as pesticides, solvents, and petroleum products
and inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals, nonmetals, metalloids, and simple
soluble salts. Water pollutants have both natural (fires, volcano eruptions, soil or
rock erosion, biodegradation) as well as anthropogenic (air and soil pollution,
herbicides) origins. Above safe limits, these pollutants may have a toxic impact on
aquatic systems, including various life forms, and upon transfer to terrestrial systems, they can negatively affect biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystems. In
plants, pollutants not only affect the biochemical and physiological activities but
also disturb the signalling pathway.
The book gives comprehensive and concise knowledge about water pollutants
and recent advancements in the field of sustainable technologies to reduce the level
of pollutants as well as to reduce the burden on human health. The major water
pollutants dealt in this book are water-borne microbial contaminants, nitrogenous
wastes, industrial effluents, textile wastes, agricultural runoff, dyes, and antibiotics
and their consequent effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial contamination of drinking water is suggested to be one of the most important issues of
human health risk during present times. Further, to monitor the groundwater contaminants, an application of artificial intelligence is discussed in detail, which can
help in developing prediction models for globally concerning contaminants, including arsenic, fluoride and nitrate. Hybrid ML–DL models, could be especially useful
under the many-dimensional nature of environmental data and can be used as a
decision-support system to create proactive environmental-management policies.
The expansion of urban and cultivated areas has been found to cause evident
alterations in the natural landscape and natural processes that interfere with hydrological cycles and influence the fluxes of discharge and runoff on various scales and
vii