It has been suggested that for dye wastewater, single treatment restricts the
effluent to meet the permissible regulatory limits. Thus, the combined treatment
process overcomes the limitations of the advanced treatment process or secondary
treatment, along with conventional coagulation/flocculation treatment.
13.11 Conclusion and Future Aspects
The stubborn and stable nature of organic dyes creates a problem during the
treatment process, particularly when present in the form of complex matrix. The
process of coagulation/flocculation plays a significant role in reducing the colour
component of dye wastewater along with other pollutants. This process of treatment
has been widely explored since years back, and subsequently, new technologies also
came into existence. But the coagulation process is favoured because it does not
form any toxic by-products after removal of dyes. However, the efficient working of
this process depends on various factors that govern its functioning. The coagulant
used in this process is highly selective concerning the targeting pollutant. Besides
this, the process has some flaws also such as massive sludge generation, residual
effects, etc., but these can be overcome by exploring new coagulants/coagulant aid
combinations. Altogether, the process is still an efficient primary treatment method
for the treatment of massively loaded dyeing unit effluent discharge. Further, the
limitations of the process can be cured by fulfilling the following gaps in future.
The following points should be considered for coagulation/flocculation process in
dye wastewater treatment:
1. As the textile industries grow, new emerging dyes and chemicals are introduced
in the effluent discharge. So, the development of new efficient coagulants must be
considered that will altogether overcome the availability, cost and toxicity
problem.
2. Combined or hybrid technologies should be developed on a pilot-scale basis for
better understanding and their practical use.
3. Reuse of coagulants should be focussed more.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the Department of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India, for providing technical and
financial support.
References
Amuda OS, Amoo IA (2007) Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage
industrial wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater 141(3):778–783
Anouzla A, Abrouki Y, Souabi S, Safi M, Rhbal H (2009) Colour and COD removal of disperse dye
solution by a novel coagulant: application of statistical design for the optimization and regression analysis. J Hazard Mater 166(2–3):1302–1306
13 Role of Coagulation/Flocculation Technology for the Treatment of Dye. . .
327
effluent to meet the permissible regulatory limits. Thus, the combined treatment
process overcomes the limitations of the advanced treatment process or secondary
treatment, along with conventional coagulation/flocculation treatment.
13.11 Conclusion and Future Aspects
The stubborn and stable nature of organic dyes creates a problem during the
treatment process, particularly when present in the form of complex matrix. The
process of coagulation/flocculation plays a significant role in reducing the colour
component of dye wastewater along with other pollutants. This process of treatment
has been widely explored since years back, and subsequently, new technologies also
came into existence. But the coagulation process is favoured because it does not
form any toxic by-products after removal of dyes. However, the efficient working of
this process depends on various factors that govern its functioning. The coagulant
used in this process is highly selective concerning the targeting pollutant. Besides
this, the process has some flaws also such as massive sludge generation, residual
effects, etc., but these can be overcome by exploring new coagulants/coagulant aid
combinations. Altogether, the process is still an efficient primary treatment method
for the treatment of massively loaded dyeing unit effluent discharge. Further, the
limitations of the process can be cured by fulfilling the following gaps in future.
The following points should be considered for coagulation/flocculation process in
dye wastewater treatment:
1. As the textile industries grow, new emerging dyes and chemicals are introduced
in the effluent discharge. So, the development of new efficient coagulants must be
considered that will altogether overcome the availability, cost and toxicity
problem.
2. Combined or hybrid technologies should be developed on a pilot-scale basis for
better understanding and their practical use.
3. Reuse of coagulants should be focussed more.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the Department of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India, for providing technical and
financial support.
References
Amuda OS, Amoo IA (2007) Coagulation/flocculation process and sludge conditioning in beverage
industrial wastewater treatment. J Hazard Mater 141(3):778–783
Anouzla A, Abrouki Y, Souabi S, Safi M, Rhbal H (2009) Colour and COD removal of disperse dye
solution by a novel coagulant: application of statistical design for the optimization and regression analysis. J Hazard Mater 166(2–3):1302–1306
13 Role of Coagulation/Flocculation Technology for the Treatment of Dye. . .
327