reduced photosynthesis. Despite having an eco-innovative process of water treatment, degradation of synthetic dyes from wastewater seems to be not amenable.
Babaei et al. (2017) used nanoparticles of carbon to treat wastewater by enhancing
adsorption and oxidation process. The results showed that effective adsorption was
achieved when treated with H 2 O 2 after screening through UV Fenton, US Fenton,
and simple Fenton. It was observed that 94.8% of dye was removed by iron leaching.
Jorfi et al. (2016) synthesized MgO nanoparticles as a catalyst to treat the textile
wastewater, especially to remove the acid red 73 dye. During the process, pH played
an important role. Dyes were reduced to a greater extent from 200 to 31 mg/L, when
pH and coagulants were set to 6 and 200 mg/L. The results also showed complete
removal of acid 73 dye by using MgO nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.8 g/L
with pH factor of 5 with reaction time of 60 mins.
While Soltani et al. (2016) studied the effect of ZnO nanoparticles in the removal
of basic red 46 dyes from textile wastewater on catalytic decolorization, the results
were compared between the ZnO nanoparticles in a suspended state with bentonite
carrying ZnO nanoparticles. In the ZnO, when carried by bentonite, the size would
vary between 5 and 40 nm (surface area, 80.6 m
2 /g) compared to suspended particles
of size 20–120 nm (surface area, 42.2 m
2 /g). RSM technique with the central
composite design was used, and the decolorization efficiency was achieved to be
89.92% when the initial dye concentration was 6 mg/L for 0.3 ZnO, and bentonite
ratio and dosage were limited to 2.5 g/L. The by-product produced during decolorization was also studied.
It is necessary to treat with a high level of chemicals to address the wastewater
issue from the woolen industry, as depicted by Hassanzadeh et al. (2017). The
addition of chemicals to such extent yields another concern of high sludge production. FeSO4 as coagulant with a concentration range between 400 and 800 mg/L
having pH value of 6–10 was used to reduce the COD to 200 mg/L and tributary to
25 NTU, respectively. A nanofiltration process with embedded polyamide nanofiber
was used to reduce effluents from wastewater. Operating parameters were studied by
using RSM technique. The optimal condition was obtained for pH, 8, and FeSO4,
600 mg/L, in the nanofiltration process. The increase in pressure and pH could yield
removal efficiency to 98%. While with the addition of color concentration in the
process, the efficiency decreased up to 90%.
Hypothesis H10: Nanotechnology applicability in industrial wastewater treatment is
positively related to production performance.
12.4 Conclusions
The conceptual framework produces a benchmark to the textile manufacturing
sectors and creates awareness for general consumers, for society, as well as for
policymakers, respectively. The following significant points evolved to develop
clean environment:
298
P. Pattnaik and G. S. Dangayach
Babaei et al. (2017) used nanoparticles of carbon to treat wastewater by enhancing
adsorption and oxidation process. The results showed that effective adsorption was
achieved when treated with H 2 O 2 after screening through UV Fenton, US Fenton,
and simple Fenton. It was observed that 94.8% of dye was removed by iron leaching.
Jorfi et al. (2016) synthesized MgO nanoparticles as a catalyst to treat the textile
wastewater, especially to remove the acid red 73 dye. During the process, pH played
an important role. Dyes were reduced to a greater extent from 200 to 31 mg/L, when
pH and coagulants were set to 6 and 200 mg/L. The results also showed complete
removal of acid 73 dye by using MgO nanoparticles with a concentration of 0.8 g/L
with pH factor of 5 with reaction time of 60 mins.
While Soltani et al. (2016) studied the effect of ZnO nanoparticles in the removal
of basic red 46 dyes from textile wastewater on catalytic decolorization, the results
were compared between the ZnO nanoparticles in a suspended state with bentonite
carrying ZnO nanoparticles. In the ZnO, when carried by bentonite, the size would
vary between 5 and 40 nm (surface area, 80.6 m
2 /g) compared to suspended particles
of size 20–120 nm (surface area, 42.2 m
2 /g). RSM technique with the central
composite design was used, and the decolorization efficiency was achieved to be
89.92% when the initial dye concentration was 6 mg/L for 0.3 ZnO, and bentonite
ratio and dosage were limited to 2.5 g/L. The by-product produced during decolorization was also studied.
It is necessary to treat with a high level of chemicals to address the wastewater
issue from the woolen industry, as depicted by Hassanzadeh et al. (2017). The
addition of chemicals to such extent yields another concern of high sludge production. FeSO4 as coagulant with a concentration range between 400 and 800 mg/L
having pH value of 6–10 was used to reduce the COD to 200 mg/L and tributary to
25 NTU, respectively. A nanofiltration process with embedded polyamide nanofiber
was used to reduce effluents from wastewater. Operating parameters were studied by
using RSM technique. The optimal condition was obtained for pH, 8, and FeSO4,
600 mg/L, in the nanofiltration process. The increase in pressure and pH could yield
removal efficiency to 98%. While with the addition of color concentration in the
process, the efficiency decreased up to 90%.
Hypothesis H10: Nanotechnology applicability in industrial wastewater treatment is
positively related to production performance.
12.4 Conclusions
The conceptual framework produces a benchmark to the textile manufacturing
sectors and creates awareness for general consumers, for society, as well as for
policymakers, respectively. The following significant points evolved to develop
clean environment:
298
P. Pattnaik and G. S. Dangayach