quality, as well as the necessary precautions to be taken in future, was studied by
Kamali et al. (2019). The study was focused on the available treatments; further
changes necessary to improvise the treatment methods have been discussed. The
study was divided into three parts, namely, laboratory tests, pilot testing, and fullscale implementation. The initial stage of laboratory tests has been conducted, and it
was in the stage to implement practically in industry. The sustainability treatment of
nanoengineered materials was carried out using the conventional fuzzy Delphi
method. The result is shown to be affected in the fields of economic, technological,
social, and environmental segments.
Shiwanthi et al. (2018) in their study investigated the effect of textile industries
(situated in Biyagama zone, Sri Lanka) on the environment. The study was started
with an analysis for the cause of environmental pollution, wherein it was noticed that
textile industries seem to be fifth in contributing CO 2 emissions. The growth of the
textile market increased substantially from 7.8% in 2013 to 8.5% in 2014, and a total
of 16% GDP of the Sri Lankan economy is based on textile industries. This increase
in GDP is helpful for the economic growth of the country, but the emissions have an
adverse effect on mankind as well as the environment, which has been depicted. The
energy required, the quantity of material exported, and water consumption were
regarded as input factors and emission and wastewater were regarded as output
factors for a 5-year period that was considered in the study. The report also suggests
that adopting eco-friendly treatment measures not only influences the revenue level
but also can reduce the environmental burden.
Wastewaters generated from dairy plants contribute equally to emission as by the
textile industries. An innovative sustainable approach in treating wastewater from
dairy has been studied by Aydiner et al. (2016). The authors have evoked different
MCDM approaches such as membrane distillation followed by forward osmosis. In
this study, a total of five techniques were used to reclaim and reuse dairy wastewater.
The results showed that the membrane distillation technique had been the most
preferable novel solution for the treatment of wastewater from dairy. Further, the
heat generated by such techniques can be utilized for other purposes; thereby, the
process becomes cost-effective as well as an eco-innovative approach.
Yukseler et al. (2017), in an attempt, studied the best available techniques to reuse
wastewater from textile industries present in Turkey. The study was undertaken not
only to treat the wastewater but also to reduce the water consumption as requested by
the textile mill. Before the pilot-scale implementation was processed, the best
possible reuse opportunities were identified from the leading textile tycoon of
denim mills. It was identified that wastewater from the dyeing and finishing process
contributes more to environmental pollution by discharging rich effluents. Among
the best available techniques, the membrane process was selected to reuse the
wastewater, to recover the fabric discharged after the finishing process, and finally
to reduce water consumption in dyeing as well as in finishing process.
Hypothesis H3: Decision-making approaches in STWWM are positively related to
economic performance.
288
P. Pattnaik and G. S. Dangayach
Kamali et al. (2019). The study was focused on the available treatments; further
changes necessary to improvise the treatment methods have been discussed. The
study was divided into three parts, namely, laboratory tests, pilot testing, and fullscale implementation. The initial stage of laboratory tests has been conducted, and it
was in the stage to implement practically in industry. The sustainability treatment of
nanoengineered materials was carried out using the conventional fuzzy Delphi
method. The result is shown to be affected in the fields of economic, technological,
social, and environmental segments.
Shiwanthi et al. (2018) in their study investigated the effect of textile industries
(situated in Biyagama zone, Sri Lanka) on the environment. The study was started
with an analysis for the cause of environmental pollution, wherein it was noticed that
textile industries seem to be fifth in contributing CO 2 emissions. The growth of the
textile market increased substantially from 7.8% in 2013 to 8.5% in 2014, and a total
of 16% GDP of the Sri Lankan economy is based on textile industries. This increase
in GDP is helpful for the economic growth of the country, but the emissions have an
adverse effect on mankind as well as the environment, which has been depicted. The
energy required, the quantity of material exported, and water consumption were
regarded as input factors and emission and wastewater were regarded as output
factors for a 5-year period that was considered in the study. The report also suggests
that adopting eco-friendly treatment measures not only influences the revenue level
but also can reduce the environmental burden.
Wastewaters generated from dairy plants contribute equally to emission as by the
textile industries. An innovative sustainable approach in treating wastewater from
dairy has been studied by Aydiner et al. (2016). The authors have evoked different
MCDM approaches such as membrane distillation followed by forward osmosis. In
this study, a total of five techniques were used to reclaim and reuse dairy wastewater.
The results showed that the membrane distillation technique had been the most
preferable novel solution for the treatment of wastewater from dairy. Further, the
heat generated by such techniques can be utilized for other purposes; thereby, the
process becomes cost-effective as well as an eco-innovative approach.
Yukseler et al. (2017), in an attempt, studied the best available techniques to reuse
wastewater from textile industries present in Turkey. The study was undertaken not
only to treat the wastewater but also to reduce the water consumption as requested by
the textile mill. Before the pilot-scale implementation was processed, the best
possible reuse opportunities were identified from the leading textile tycoon of
denim mills. It was identified that wastewater from the dyeing and finishing process
contributes more to environmental pollution by discharging rich effluents. Among
the best available techniques, the membrane process was selected to reuse the
wastewater, to recover the fabric discharged after the finishing process, and finally
to reduce water consumption in dyeing as well as in finishing process.
Hypothesis H3: Decision-making approaches in STWWM are positively related to
economic performance.
288
P. Pattnaik and G. S. Dangayach