such as pH, organic matter, etc., which affect the solubility and thus the availability
of heavy metals to the plants (Palansooriyaa et al. 2020).
Along with these amendments, now applications of the agricultural residues are
also studied to observe their role in reducing the availability of heavy metals. The
agricultural residues are the organic materials produced as by-products of the
harvesting and processing of agricultural crops such as wheat straw, rice husk,
wood fiber, and sugarcane bagasse (Tran et al. 2015). They are preferred because
of their low cost, bouncy source, fast recovery period, chemical stability, inexhaustible process, and renewable energy and are environmentally friendly (Alalwan et al.
2020). Such substances have high porosity and higher surface area that make them
effective adsorbents for removing toxic heavy metals from the soil and other system.
The straw is generated from sugarcane, rice, wheat, cotton, and corn. The generated
by-products have been applied as an adsorbent for reducing availability of heavy
metals. Agricultural residues mainly consist of compounds such as cellulose, lignin,
and hemicelluloses. The composition of such agricultural residues is varied and
depends on the forms of the residues and their local environmental situation. The
polar functional groups present over these substances such as aldehyde, ketones,
alcohol, ether, phenolic, and carboxylic groups are capable of adsorbing heavy
metals from the metal-contaminated soils and aqueous system (Fig. 8.2).
Changes Physicochemical Properties of
Soil and increases the
Heavy metal content
Uptake of metals
from roots to
aerial parts.
Irrigating agricultural
soil with Wastewater
Affects
Plant
Yields,
Physiological and
Biochemical
Characteristics
Metal
accumulation
leads to food chain
contamination
Fig. 8.1 Schematic diagram of reuse of wastewater in agriculture
8 Application of Wastewater in Irrigation and Its Regulation with Special. . .
187
of heavy metals to the plants (Palansooriyaa et al. 2020).
Along with these amendments, now applications of the agricultural residues are
also studied to observe their role in reducing the availability of heavy metals. The
agricultural residues are the organic materials produced as by-products of the
harvesting and processing of agricultural crops such as wheat straw, rice husk,
wood fiber, and sugarcane bagasse (Tran et al. 2015). They are preferred because
of their low cost, bouncy source, fast recovery period, chemical stability, inexhaustible process, and renewable energy and are environmentally friendly (Alalwan et al.
2020). Such substances have high porosity and higher surface area that make them
effective adsorbents for removing toxic heavy metals from the soil and other system.
The straw is generated from sugarcane, rice, wheat, cotton, and corn. The generated
by-products have been applied as an adsorbent for reducing availability of heavy
metals. Agricultural residues mainly consist of compounds such as cellulose, lignin,
and hemicelluloses. The composition of such agricultural residues is varied and
depends on the forms of the residues and their local environmental situation. The
polar functional groups present over these substances such as aldehyde, ketones,
alcohol, ether, phenolic, and carboxylic groups are capable of adsorbing heavy
metals from the metal-contaminated soils and aqueous system (Fig. 8.2).
Changes Physicochemical Properties of
Soil and increases the
Heavy metal content
Uptake of metals
from roots to
aerial parts.
Irrigating agricultural
soil with Wastewater
Affects
Plant
Yields,
Physiological and
Biochemical
Characteristics
Metal
accumulation
leads to food chain
contamination
Fig. 8.1 Schematic diagram of reuse of wastewater in agriculture
8 Application of Wastewater in Irrigation and Its Regulation with Special. . .
187