191
Ray SS, Deb CK, Chang H-M, Chen S-S, Ganesapillai M (2019) Crosslinked PVDF-HFP-based
hydrophobic membranes incorporated with CNF for enhanced stability and permeability in
membrane distillation. J Appl Polym Sci 136(40):48021. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48021
Ray SS, Dommati H, Wang J-C, Chen S-S (2020) Solvent based Slurry Stereolithography 3D
printed hydrophilic ceramic membrane for ultrafiltration application. Ceram Int. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.010
Rockström J, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Hoff H, Rost S, Gerten D (2009) Future water availability for global food production: the potential of green water for increasing resilience to global
change. Water Resour Res 45(7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006767
Schofield RW, Fane AG, Fell CJD (1987) Heat and mass transfer in membrane distillation. J
Membr Sci 33(3):299–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80287-2
Schofield RW, Fane AG, Fell CJD (1990) Gas and vapour transport through microporous membranes. I Knudsen-Poiseuille transition. J Membrane Sci 53(1–2):159–171. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0376-7388(90)80011-A
Shirazi S, Lin C-J, Chen D (2010) Inorganic fouling of pressure-driven membrane processes—a
critical review. Desalination 250(1):236–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.02.056
Singh R, Purkait MK (2019) Microfiltration membranes. In: Membrane separation principles and
applications. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 111–146
Sinha Ray S, Lee H-K, Kwon Y-N (2020) Review on blueprint of designing anti-wetting polymeric
membrane surfaces for enhanced membrane distillation performance. Polymers 12(1):23.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010023
Smolders KFACM, Franken ACM (1989) Terminology for membrane distillation. Desalination
72(3):249–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(89)80010-4
Srisurichan S, Jiraratananon R, Fane AG (2005) Humic acid fouling in the membrane distillation
process. Desalination 174(1):63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.09.003
Tabatabai SAA, Schippers JC, Kennedy MD (2014) Effect of coagulation on fouling potential
and removal of algal organic matter in ultrafiltration pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis.
Water Res 59:283–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.001
Tijing LD, Woo YC, Johir MAH, Choi J-S, Shon HK (2014) A novel dual-layer bicomponent electrospun nanofibrous membrane for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation. Chem
Eng J 256:155–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.06.076
Tijing LD, Woo YC, Choi J-S, Lee S, Kim S-H, Shon HK (2015) Fouling and its control in
membrane distillation—a review. J Membr Sci 475:215–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2014.09.042
Vrijenhoek EM, Hong S, Elimelech M (2001) Influence of membrane surface properties on initial rate of colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes. J Membr Sci
188(1):115–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00376-3
Warsinger DM, Swaminathan J, Guillen-Burrieza E, Arafat HA (2015) Scaling and fouling in
membrane distillation for desalination applications: a review. Desalination 356:294–313
Wilkinson KJ, Lead JR (2007) Environmental colloids and particles: behaviour, separation and
characterisation, vol 10. Wiley, Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470024539
Yadav NS, Kumar A, Sharma MP (2014) Ecological health assessment of Chambal River using
water quality parameters. J Integr Sci Technol 2(2):52–56
Yang N (2005) Physical conditioning for scale prevention during desalination by reverse osmosis
Zhang J, Chua HC, Zhou J, Fane AG (2006) Factors affecting the membrane performance in
submerged membrane bioreactors. J Membr Sci 284(1–2):54–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2006.06.022
Zhang X, Wang Z, Wu Z, Wei T, Lu F, Tong J, Mai S (2011) Membrane fouling in an anaerobic
dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for municipal wastewater treatment: characteristics of membrane foulants and bulk sludge. Process Biochem 46(8):1538–1544. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.procbio.2011.04.002
6 Fouling and Wetting: A Major Challenge for Membrane Distillation
Ray SS, Deb CK, Chang H-M, Chen S-S, Ganesapillai M (2019) Crosslinked PVDF-HFP-based
hydrophobic membranes incorporated with CNF for enhanced stability and permeability in
membrane distillation. J Appl Polym Sci 136(40):48021. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.48021
Ray SS, Dommati H, Wang J-C, Chen S-S (2020) Solvent based Slurry Stereolithography 3D
printed hydrophilic ceramic membrane for ultrafiltration application. Ceram Int. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.02.010
Rockström J, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Hoff H, Rost S, Gerten D (2009) Future water availability for global food production: the potential of green water for increasing resilience to global
change. Water Resour Res 45(7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006767
Schofield RW, Fane AG, Fell CJD (1987) Heat and mass transfer in membrane distillation. J
Membr Sci 33(3):299–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)80287-2
Schofield RW, Fane AG, Fell CJD (1990) Gas and vapour transport through microporous membranes. I Knudsen-Poiseuille transition. J Membrane Sci 53(1–2):159–171. https://doi.
org/10.1016/0376-7388(90)80011-A
Shirazi S, Lin C-J, Chen D (2010) Inorganic fouling of pressure-driven membrane processes—a
critical review. Desalination 250(1):236–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2009.02.056
Singh R, Purkait MK (2019) Microfiltration membranes. In: Membrane separation principles and
applications. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 111–146
Sinha Ray S, Lee H-K, Kwon Y-N (2020) Review on blueprint of designing anti-wetting polymeric
membrane surfaces for enhanced membrane distillation performance. Polymers 12(1):23.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010023
Smolders KFACM, Franken ACM (1989) Terminology for membrane distillation. Desalination
72(3):249–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(89)80010-4
Srisurichan S, Jiraratananon R, Fane AG (2005) Humic acid fouling in the membrane distillation
process. Desalination 174(1):63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2004.09.003
Tabatabai SAA, Schippers JC, Kennedy MD (2014) Effect of coagulation on fouling potential
and removal of algal organic matter in ultrafiltration pretreatment to seawater reverse osmosis.
Water Res 59:283–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.001
Tijing LD, Woo YC, Johir MAH, Choi J-S, Shon HK (2014) A novel dual-layer bicomponent electrospun nanofibrous membrane for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation. Chem
Eng J 256:155–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.06.076
Tijing LD, Woo YC, Choi J-S, Lee S, Kim S-H, Shon HK (2015) Fouling and its control in
membrane distillation—a review. J Membr Sci 475:215–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2014.09.042
Vrijenhoek EM, Hong S, Elimelech M (2001) Influence of membrane surface properties on initial rate of colloidal fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes. J Membr Sci
188(1):115–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(01)00376-3
Warsinger DM, Swaminathan J, Guillen-Burrieza E, Arafat HA (2015) Scaling and fouling in
membrane distillation for desalination applications: a review. Desalination 356:294–313
Wilkinson KJ, Lead JR (2007) Environmental colloids and particles: behaviour, separation and
characterisation, vol 10. Wiley, Chichester. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470024539
Yadav NS, Kumar A, Sharma MP (2014) Ecological health assessment of Chambal River using
water quality parameters. J Integr Sci Technol 2(2):52–56
Yang N (2005) Physical conditioning for scale prevention during desalination by reverse osmosis
Zhang J, Chua HC, Zhou J, Fane AG (2006) Factors affecting the membrane performance in
submerged membrane bioreactors. J Membr Sci 284(1–2):54–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
memsci.2006.06.022
Zhang X, Wang Z, Wu Z, Wei T, Lu F, Tong J, Mai S (2011) Membrane fouling in an anaerobic
dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for municipal wastewater treatment: characteristics of membrane foulants and bulk sludge. Process Biochem 46(8):1538–1544. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.procbio.2011.04.002
6 Fouling and Wetting: A Major Challenge for Membrane Distillation