the complex interplay between different microorganisms which are present in
different stages of anaerobic digestion. All of these factors affect the production of
biogas and lead to its inhibition. The gas produced should be further analyzed and
purified. The identification of waste composition, nutrient content of the feedstock,
pH, temperature, and reactor design are some of the crucial factors which have to be
optimized for enhancing the quality and quantity of biogas being produced
(Rasapoor et al. 2020).
A major limitation of current computational enzyme design approaches is the lack
of community-wide objective assessment. Recent studies focus on combining
processing technologies such as multiple-stage or high-pressure technologies
(EBTP-SABS 2016). To improve the AD efficiency, the influence of temperature,
pH, C/N ratio, mixing ratios, additives, and other parameters on AD has been studied
intensively (Abouelenien et al. 2014; Zhai et al. 2015; Dong et al. 2015). During the
AD process, alkalinity is a better indicator of process performance. This can be
managed by adjusting pH value; therefore, pH adjustment could provide a way to
improve the self-buffering capacity of AD systems to meet the requirements of the
microbial populations (Zhang et al. 2016). It affects the activities of the specific
acidogenic microbial populations and methanogenic bacteria (Zhang et al. 2012) and
consequently influences the process stability (Zhai et al. 2015). They also included
different substrates and operational conditions (Jiang et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2009).
Mao et al. (2015) have studied the process performance of anaerobic co-digestion of
swine manure and corn straw. Sustainability of the process is the major concern, and
many factors have to be taken into consideration when a biogas plant is being
established. Apart from those mentioned above, permission from Government
agencies for establishing the biogas plant is required. Many factors such as social,
environmental, and economic elements have to be considered for sustainability. This
process involves a technology which is very simple. One of the major limitations
would be to educate the rural population about the benefits of using biogas. Presently, the technology is not very much feasible to be adopted by the rural population
as the production depends on number of factors. Many improvements should be
made in the production process and the reactor design so that the process becomes
feasible and can be adopted by several rural households. Biogas sector requires a
long-term vision and good quality control systems, and training mechanisms are
essential (Sovacool and Ramana 2015). Public private partnership should be encouraged so that this can facilitate the rural population for start-ups in this area. The
development challenge is to seek grants and equity loans from government agencies
to support biogas production in rural economy. There are a number of elements such
as the migration of the rural population to the urban areas. The limitations of biogas
sector include inadequate planning, lack of infrastructure, lack of skilled human
resources, and high input costs.
The selection of the feedstock is important as some of the feedstocks will have an
inhibitory effect on the process which is called substrate-induced inhibition. This is
seen in the processes where the substrate or its byproducts formed after some stages
of anaerobic digestion hinder the growth of the microorganism which is helpful for
carrying out further stages of the digestion. Hence, the substrate should be properly
8 Bioprocess Parameters for Thermophilic and Mesophilic Biogas Production: Recent. . . 245
different stages of anaerobic digestion. All of these factors affect the production of
biogas and lead to its inhibition. The gas produced should be further analyzed and
purified. The identification of waste composition, nutrient content of the feedstock,
pH, temperature, and reactor design are some of the crucial factors which have to be
optimized for enhancing the quality and quantity of biogas being produced
(Rasapoor et al. 2020).
A major limitation of current computational enzyme design approaches is the lack
of community-wide objective assessment. Recent studies focus on combining
processing technologies such as multiple-stage or high-pressure technologies
(EBTP-SABS 2016). To improve the AD efficiency, the influence of temperature,
pH, C/N ratio, mixing ratios, additives, and other parameters on AD has been studied
intensively (Abouelenien et al. 2014; Zhai et al. 2015; Dong et al. 2015). During the
AD process, alkalinity is a better indicator of process performance. This can be
managed by adjusting pH value; therefore, pH adjustment could provide a way to
improve the self-buffering capacity of AD systems to meet the requirements of the
microbial populations (Zhang et al. 2016). It affects the activities of the specific
acidogenic microbial populations and methanogenic bacteria (Zhang et al. 2012) and
consequently influences the process stability (Zhai et al. 2015). They also included
different substrates and operational conditions (Jiang et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2009).
Mao et al. (2015) have studied the process performance of anaerobic co-digestion of
swine manure and corn straw. Sustainability of the process is the major concern, and
many factors have to be taken into consideration when a biogas plant is being
established. Apart from those mentioned above, permission from Government
agencies for establishing the biogas plant is required. Many factors such as social,
environmental, and economic elements have to be considered for sustainability. This
process involves a technology which is very simple. One of the major limitations
would be to educate the rural population about the benefits of using biogas. Presently, the technology is not very much feasible to be adopted by the rural population
as the production depends on number of factors. Many improvements should be
made in the production process and the reactor design so that the process becomes
feasible and can be adopted by several rural households. Biogas sector requires a
long-term vision and good quality control systems, and training mechanisms are
essential (Sovacool and Ramana 2015). Public private partnership should be encouraged so that this can facilitate the rural population for start-ups in this area. The
development challenge is to seek grants and equity loans from government agencies
to support biogas production in rural economy. There are a number of elements such
as the migration of the rural population to the urban areas. The limitations of biogas
sector include inadequate planning, lack of infrastructure, lack of skilled human
resources, and high input costs.
The selection of the feedstock is important as some of the feedstocks will have an
inhibitory effect on the process which is called substrate-induced inhibition. This is
seen in the processes where the substrate or its byproducts formed after some stages
of anaerobic digestion hinder the growth of the microorganism which is helpful for
carrying out further stages of the digestion. Hence, the substrate should be properly
8 Bioprocess Parameters for Thermophilic and Mesophilic Biogas Production: Recent. . . 245