enhance hydrogen production. Hydrogen production by photoautotrophic sulfurdeprived Chlamydomonas reinhardtii incubated under high light intensity was
reported (Tolstygina et al. 2009). Enhanced photoproduction of hydrogen in
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii D1 mutant was studied by Torzillo et al. (2009). The
continuous production of hydrogen by salt addition in sulfur-limited cultures of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was reported by Kim et al. (2010). Hydrogen
photoproduction by sulfur-limited cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was
also studied under completely different growth conditions (Kosourov et al. 2007).
Kruse et al. (2005) reported enhanced hydrogen production in engineered green algal
cells. Laurinavichene et al. (2004) studied hydrogen production by sulfur-limited
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at different light intensities. Mechanism and challenges
involved in production of algal biofuels were reviewed by Singh et al. (2011). Under
sulfur deprivation, C. reinhardtii cellular division and growth is inhibited, and
RuBisCO enzyme breakdown takes place (Zhang et al. 2002a). The process of
isolation of an ideal algal strain can be done by first isolating the algal species in a
specific medium. Biomass-based feedstock was proposed by Wang and Yin for
biohydrogen production. Michalak (2018) processed seaweeds for biofuel production. Gallagher et al. (2018) investigated the macroalgal species variation during the
process of dewatering. Chemical composition changes of the algal biomass during
various seasons in the algal species Saccharina latissima were studied by Sharma
et al. (2018). Sandbakken et al. (2018) proposed the biomass of Saccharina latissima
as carbon source for biofuel production and suggested that it can be preserved using
acid. The algal species can be separated by means of plating, serial dilution, or
micropipetitng. Once the specific algal species is identified, then it can be
reconstructed toward producing hydrogen. Kumar et al. (2020a) have reviewed the
processes involved in the generation of various kinds of algal biofuels and
biorefinery model in detail. They suggested measures to be taken for making the
process feasible and sustainable. Chen et al. (2020) reported a generation rate of
0.44 μmol H 2 h
À1 in an engineered biological system for about a month. Zaidi et al.
(2020) have optimized the use of nickel nanoparticles for enhancing biogas generation from green algae Enteromorpha by response surface methodology. The have
reported that concentration of 1 mg/L Ni nanoparticles resulted in higher biogas
yield. Xia et al. (2020) have suggested the use of co-fermentation of microalgae
Arthrospira platensis with macroalgae Laminaria digitata for enhancing hydrogen
production. Fakhimi et al. (2020) have reviewed the prospects of using different
types of co-cultures of bacteria and algae for enhancing biohydrogen production.
Kumar et al. (2020b) have reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of various
molecular techniques for identifying microbes involved in hydrogen generation.
Various approaches can be used such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics,
metabolomics, etc. to see that a genetically engineered strain of the algae is developed for hydrogen production (Fig. 7.1).
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R. Kumar et al.
reported (Tolstygina et al. 2009). Enhanced photoproduction of hydrogen in
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii D1 mutant was studied by Torzillo et al. (2009). The
continuous production of hydrogen by salt addition in sulfur-limited cultures of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was reported by Kim et al. (2010). Hydrogen
photoproduction by sulfur-limited cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was
also studied under completely different growth conditions (Kosourov et al. 2007).
Kruse et al. (2005) reported enhanced hydrogen production in engineered green algal
cells. Laurinavichene et al. (2004) studied hydrogen production by sulfur-limited
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at different light intensities. Mechanism and challenges
involved in production of algal biofuels were reviewed by Singh et al. (2011). Under
sulfur deprivation, C. reinhardtii cellular division and growth is inhibited, and
RuBisCO enzyme breakdown takes place (Zhang et al. 2002a). The process of
isolation of an ideal algal strain can be done by first isolating the algal species in a
specific medium. Biomass-based feedstock was proposed by Wang and Yin for
biohydrogen production. Michalak (2018) processed seaweeds for biofuel production. Gallagher et al. (2018) investigated the macroalgal species variation during the
process of dewatering. Chemical composition changes of the algal biomass during
various seasons in the algal species Saccharina latissima were studied by Sharma
et al. (2018). Sandbakken et al. (2018) proposed the biomass of Saccharina latissima
as carbon source for biofuel production and suggested that it can be preserved using
acid. The algal species can be separated by means of plating, serial dilution, or
micropipetitng. Once the specific algal species is identified, then it can be
reconstructed toward producing hydrogen. Kumar et al. (2020a) have reviewed the
processes involved in the generation of various kinds of algal biofuels and
biorefinery model in detail. They suggested measures to be taken for making the
process feasible and sustainable. Chen et al. (2020) reported a generation rate of
0.44 μmol H 2 h
À1 in an engineered biological system for about a month. Zaidi et al.
(2020) have optimized the use of nickel nanoparticles for enhancing biogas generation from green algae Enteromorpha by response surface methodology. The have
reported that concentration of 1 mg/L Ni nanoparticles resulted in higher biogas
yield. Xia et al. (2020) have suggested the use of co-fermentation of microalgae
Arthrospira platensis with macroalgae Laminaria digitata for enhancing hydrogen
production. Fakhimi et al. (2020) have reviewed the prospects of using different
types of co-cultures of bacteria and algae for enhancing biohydrogen production.
Kumar et al. (2020b) have reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of various
molecular techniques for identifying microbes involved in hydrogen generation.
Various approaches can be used such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics,
metabolomics, etc. to see that a genetically engineered strain of the algae is developed for hydrogen production (Fig. 7.1).
186
R. Kumar et al.