Chapter 1
Downstream Processing of Biofuels
Arpit Shrivastava, Abhishek Dutt Tripathi, Aparna Agarwal, and
Veena Paul
Abstract The rapid reduction in the availability of petroleum and the impact these
related fuels have on the atmosphere have contributed to a growing use of biofuels.
Biorefineries promise to transform biomass accurately into biofuels and bioproducts
in the expedition for sustainable utilization of energy which is renewable. Separation
and purification stage are also termed as downstream processing which is indeed
quite critical for manufacturing high-quality biofuel. Separation and purification
methods can also be categorized as equilibrium, affinity-dependent, membrane,
solid-liquid, and reaction-driven separation processes depending on the complexity
of their operation. This chapter discusses various ancient tactics, recent advances
while linking and conflicting the diverse methods of downstream processing of first,
second, and third generation of biofuels.
Keywords Biofuels · Downstream processing · In-stream recovery · Hydrodynamic
fluid techniques · Harvesting methods · Cell disruption techniques
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Biofuels and Their Importance
As stated by the International Energy Agency (OECD 2011), overall global demand
for electricity has increased by more than 78% over the past three eras. The
consumption of fossil fuels is causing significant environmental issues globally,
and there has been considerable focus on eliminating alternative green sources for
their use. In general, owing to the global warming effect triggered by greater than
A. Shrivastava · A. D. Tripathi (*) · V. Paul
Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
A. Agarwal
Department of Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
M. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Bioenergy Research: Basic and Advanced Concepts, Clean
Energy Production Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4611-6_1
1
Downstream Processing of Biofuels
Arpit Shrivastava, Abhishek Dutt Tripathi, Aparna Agarwal, and
Veena Paul
Abstract The rapid reduction in the availability of petroleum and the impact these
related fuels have on the atmosphere have contributed to a growing use of biofuels.
Biorefineries promise to transform biomass accurately into biofuels and bioproducts
in the expedition for sustainable utilization of energy which is renewable. Separation
and purification stage are also termed as downstream processing which is indeed
quite critical for manufacturing high-quality biofuel. Separation and purification
methods can also be categorized as equilibrium, affinity-dependent, membrane,
solid-liquid, and reaction-driven separation processes depending on the complexity
of their operation. This chapter discusses various ancient tactics, recent advances
while linking and conflicting the diverse methods of downstream processing of first,
second, and third generation of biofuels.
Keywords Biofuels · Downstream processing · In-stream recovery · Hydrodynamic
fluid techniques · Harvesting methods · Cell disruption techniques
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Biofuels and Their Importance
As stated by the International Energy Agency (OECD 2011), overall global demand
for electricity has increased by more than 78% over the past three eras. The
consumption of fossil fuels is causing significant environmental issues globally,
and there has been considerable focus on eliminating alternative green sources for
their use. In general, owing to the global warming effect triggered by greater than
A. Shrivastava · A. D. Tripathi (*) · V. Paul
Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras
Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
A. Agarwal
Department of Food Technology, Lady Irwin College, New Delhi, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
M. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Bioenergy Research: Basic and Advanced Concepts, Clean
Energy Production Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4611-6_1
1