Chapter 4
Influence of Xenobiotics on Fungal
Ligninolytic Enzymes
B. S. Shanthi Kumari, Kanderi Dileep Kumar, K. Sai Geetha, G. Narasimha,
and B. Rajasekhar Reddy
Abstract White rot fungi (WRF) (belonging to the Basidiomycota family) are
considered as the most efficient microorganisms to degrade lignin polymer through
secretion of lignin-modifying enzymes such as oxidases (laccase) and peroxidases
(lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase). Non-specific nature of these LMEs
has a wide range of industrial and environmental applications including biodegradation and bioremediation of xenobiotics. Environmental pollution was generally
caused by the extensive use of xenobiotics in the ecosystem. Massive studies on
bioremediation of pollutants by bacteria and actinomycetes are highly noticed. It
was recognized that very fewer research reports have existed on the influence of
xenobiotics on the growth of highly environmentally adapted fungi as well as
white rot fungi (WRF). Hence, the present book chapter mainly reveals the effect
of xenobiotics on growth and secretion or production of LMEs by WRF and their
participation in the bioremediation of xenobiotics. This chapter initially revealed
the chemical nature of xenobiotics and their toxicity impact on WRF biomass.
Furthermore the effect of pesticides such as malathion, lindane, and diuron on
white rot fungal (Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ganoderma
lucidum) growth as well as secretion of ligninolytic enzymes and minimization
of xenobiotics including PAHs and dyes by the WRF was clearly explained.
This chapter provides information about how to reduce the harmful impact of
xenobiotics in the environment by using LMEs and improve the applications of
enzymatic technology.
Keywords Xenobiotics · White rot fungi · Ligninolytic enzymes · PAHs · Dyes
B. S. Shanthi Kumari · K. D. Kumar · K. Sai Geetha · B. Rajasekhar Reddy
Department of Microbiology, SK University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
G. Narasimha (*)
Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University,
Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
M. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Bioenergy Research: Basic and Advanced Concepts, Clean
Energy Production Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4611-6_4
93
Influence of Xenobiotics on Fungal
Ligninolytic Enzymes
B. S. Shanthi Kumari, Kanderi Dileep Kumar, K. Sai Geetha, G. Narasimha,
and B. Rajasekhar Reddy
Abstract White rot fungi (WRF) (belonging to the Basidiomycota family) are
considered as the most efficient microorganisms to degrade lignin polymer through
secretion of lignin-modifying enzymes such as oxidases (laccase) and peroxidases
(lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase). Non-specific nature of these LMEs
has a wide range of industrial and environmental applications including biodegradation and bioremediation of xenobiotics. Environmental pollution was generally
caused by the extensive use of xenobiotics in the ecosystem. Massive studies on
bioremediation of pollutants by bacteria and actinomycetes are highly noticed. It
was recognized that very fewer research reports have existed on the influence of
xenobiotics on the growth of highly environmentally adapted fungi as well as
white rot fungi (WRF). Hence, the present book chapter mainly reveals the effect
of xenobiotics on growth and secretion or production of LMEs by WRF and their
participation in the bioremediation of xenobiotics. This chapter initially revealed
the chemical nature of xenobiotics and their toxicity impact on WRF biomass.
Furthermore the effect of pesticides such as malathion, lindane, and diuron on
white rot fungal (Pleurotus ostreatus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Ganoderma
lucidum) growth as well as secretion of ligninolytic enzymes and minimization
of xenobiotics including PAHs and dyes by the WRF was clearly explained.
This chapter provides information about how to reduce the harmful impact of
xenobiotics in the environment by using LMEs and improve the applications of
enzymatic technology.
Keywords Xenobiotics · White rot fungi · Ligninolytic enzymes · PAHs · Dyes
B. S. Shanthi Kumari · K. D. Kumar · K. Sai Geetha · B. Rajasekhar Reddy
Department of Microbiology, SK University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India
G. Narasimha (*)
Applied Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University,
Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh, India
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021
M. Srivastava et al. (eds.), Bioenergy Research: Basic and Advanced Concepts, Clean
Energy Production Technologies, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4611-6_4
93