154
Capone, D. G. (1983a). Benthic nitrogen fixation. In E. J. Carpenter & D. G. Capone (Eds.),
Nitrogen in the marine environment (pp. 105–137). New York: Academic.
Capone, D. G. (1983b). N 2 fixation in seagrass communities. Marine Technology Society Journal,
17, 32–37.
Capone, D. G. (1988). Benthic nitrogen fixation. In T. H. Blackburn & J. Sorensen (Eds.), Nitrogen
cycling in coastal marine environments (pp. 85–123). New York: Wiley.
Capone, D. G., & Carpenter, E. J. (1982). Nitrogen fixation in the marine environment. Science,
217, 1140–1142.
Capone, D. G., Burns, J. A., Mahaffey, C. L., Gunderson, T., Michaels, A. F., et al. (2005).
Nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium spp.: An important source of new nitrogen to the tropical
and sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, GB2024. https://
doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002331.
Cardini, U., Bednarz, V. N., van Hoytema, N., Rovere, A., Naumann, M. S., et al. (2016). Budget of
primary production and dinitrogen fixation in a highly seasonal red sea coral reef. Ecosystems,
19(5), 771–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021- 016- 9966- 1.
Carpenter, E. J. (1983). Nitrogen fixation by marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) in the world’s
oceans. In E. J. Carpenter & D. G. Capone (Eds.), Nitrogen in the marine environment
(pp. 65–103). New York: Academic Press, Inc.
Codispoti, L. A. (2007). An oceanic fixed nitrogen sink exceeding 400 TgNa−1 vs the concept of
homeostasis in the fixed-nitrogen inventory. Biogeosciences, 4, 233–253.
Codispoti, L., Brandes, J., Christensen, J., Devol, A., Naqvi, S., et al. (2001). The oceanic fixed
nitrogen and nitrous oxide budgets: Moving targets as we enter the anthropocene? Scientia
Marina, 65(Supp. 2), 85–105.
Davies-Barnard, T., & Friedlingstein, P. (2020). The global distribution of biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial natural ecosystems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34(3), e2019GB006387.
Dekas, A., Fike, D. A., Chadwick, G. L., Green-Saxena, A., Fortney, J., et al. (2018). Widespread
nitrogen fixation in sediments from diverse deep-sea sites of elevated carbon loading.
Environmental Microbiology, 20(12), 4281–4296.
Deutsch, C., Sarmiento, J. L., Sigman, D. M., Gruber, N., & Dunne, J. P. (2007). Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean. Nature, 445, 163–167. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature05392.
Farnelid, H., & Riemann, L. (2008). Heterotrophic N 2 -fixing bacteria: Overlooked in the marine
nitrogen cycle? In G. Couto (Ed.), Nitrogen fixation research progress (pp. 409–423).
New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Farnelid, H., Andersson, A. F., Bertilsson, S., Al-Soud, W. A., Hansen, L. H., et al. (2011).
Nitrogenase gene amplicons from global marine surface waters are dominated by genes of
non-cyanobacteria. PLoS One, 6(4), e19223.
Farnelid, H., Bentzon-Tilia, M., Andersson, A. F., Bertilsson, S., Jost, G., et al. (2013). Active
nitrogen-fixing heterotrophic bacteria at and below the chemocline of the Central Baltic Sea.
The ISME Journal, 7(7), 1413.
Fernandez, C., Farıas, L., & Ulloa, O. (2011). Nitrogen fixation in denitrified marine waters. PLoS
One, 6(6), e20539.
Fowler, D., Coyle, M., Skiba, U., Sutton, M. A., Cape, J. N., et al. (2013). The global nitrogen
cycle in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368(1621),
20130164.
Fulweiler, R., Brown, S. M., Nixon, S., & Jenkins, B. (2014). Evidence and a conceptual model for
the co-occurrence of nitrogen fixation and denitrification in heterotrophic marine sediments.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 482, 57–68.
Galloway, J., Dentener, F., Capone, D., Boyer, E., Howarth, R., et al. (2004). Nitrogen cycles: Past,
present and future. Biogeochemistry, 70, 153–226.
Goering, J. J., Dugdale, R. C., & Menzel, D. (1966). Estimates of in situ rates of nitrogen uptake by
Trichodesmium sp. in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 11, 614–620.
Gradoville, M. R., Bombar, D., Crump, B. C., Letelier, R. M., Zehr, J. P., et al. (2017). Diversity and
activity of nitrogen-fixing communities across ocean basins. Limnology and Oceanography,
62(5), 1895–1909.
8 N 2 Fixation in Ocean Basins
Capone, D. G. (1983a). Benthic nitrogen fixation. In E. J. Carpenter & D. G. Capone (Eds.),
Nitrogen in the marine environment (pp. 105–137). New York: Academic.
Capone, D. G. (1983b). N 2 fixation in seagrass communities. Marine Technology Society Journal,
17, 32–37.
Capone, D. G. (1988). Benthic nitrogen fixation. In T. H. Blackburn & J. Sorensen (Eds.), Nitrogen
cycling in coastal marine environments (pp. 85–123). New York: Wiley.
Capone, D. G., & Carpenter, E. J. (1982). Nitrogen fixation in the marine environment. Science,
217, 1140–1142.
Capone, D. G., Burns, J. A., Mahaffey, C. L., Gunderson, T., Michaels, A. F., et al. (2005).
Nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium spp.: An important source of new nitrogen to the tropical
and sub-tropical North Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, GB2024. https://
doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002331.
Cardini, U., Bednarz, V. N., van Hoytema, N., Rovere, A., Naumann, M. S., et al. (2016). Budget of
primary production and dinitrogen fixation in a highly seasonal red sea coral reef. Ecosystems,
19(5), 771–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021- 016- 9966- 1.
Carpenter, E. J. (1983). Nitrogen fixation by marine Oscillatoria (Trichodesmium) in the world’s
oceans. In E. J. Carpenter & D. G. Capone (Eds.), Nitrogen in the marine environment
(pp. 65–103). New York: Academic Press, Inc.
Codispoti, L. A. (2007). An oceanic fixed nitrogen sink exceeding 400 TgNa−1 vs the concept of
homeostasis in the fixed-nitrogen inventory. Biogeosciences, 4, 233–253.
Codispoti, L., Brandes, J., Christensen, J., Devol, A., Naqvi, S., et al. (2001). The oceanic fixed
nitrogen and nitrous oxide budgets: Moving targets as we enter the anthropocene? Scientia
Marina, 65(Supp. 2), 85–105.
Davies-Barnard, T., & Friedlingstein, P. (2020). The global distribution of biological nitrogen fixation in terrestrial natural ecosystems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34(3), e2019GB006387.
Dekas, A., Fike, D. A., Chadwick, G. L., Green-Saxena, A., Fortney, J., et al. (2018). Widespread
nitrogen fixation in sediments from diverse deep-sea sites of elevated carbon loading.
Environmental Microbiology, 20(12), 4281–4296.
Deutsch, C., Sarmiento, J. L., Sigman, D. M., Gruber, N., & Dunne, J. P. (2007). Spatial coupling of nitrogen inputs and losses in the ocean. Nature, 445, 163–167. https://doi.org/10.1038/
nature05392.
Farnelid, H., & Riemann, L. (2008). Heterotrophic N 2 -fixing bacteria: Overlooked in the marine
nitrogen cycle? In G. Couto (Ed.), Nitrogen fixation research progress (pp. 409–423).
New York: Nova Science Publishers.
Farnelid, H., Andersson, A. F., Bertilsson, S., Al-Soud, W. A., Hansen, L. H., et al. (2011).
Nitrogenase gene amplicons from global marine surface waters are dominated by genes of
non-cyanobacteria. PLoS One, 6(4), e19223.
Farnelid, H., Bentzon-Tilia, M., Andersson, A. F., Bertilsson, S., Jost, G., et al. (2013). Active
nitrogen-fixing heterotrophic bacteria at and below the chemocline of the Central Baltic Sea.
The ISME Journal, 7(7), 1413.
Fernandez, C., Farıas, L., & Ulloa, O. (2011). Nitrogen fixation in denitrified marine waters. PLoS
One, 6(6), e20539.
Fowler, D., Coyle, M., Skiba, U., Sutton, M. A., Cape, J. N., et al. (2013). The global nitrogen
cycle in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 368(1621),
20130164.
Fulweiler, R., Brown, S. M., Nixon, S., & Jenkins, B. (2014). Evidence and a conceptual model for
the co-occurrence of nitrogen fixation and denitrification in heterotrophic marine sediments.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 482, 57–68.
Galloway, J., Dentener, F., Capone, D., Boyer, E., Howarth, R., et al. (2004). Nitrogen cycles: Past,
present and future. Biogeochemistry, 70, 153–226.
Goering, J. J., Dugdale, R. C., & Menzel, D. (1966). Estimates of in situ rates of nitrogen uptake by
Trichodesmium sp. in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 11, 614–620.
Gradoville, M. R., Bombar, D., Crump, B. C., Letelier, R. M., Zehr, J. P., et al. (2017). Diversity and
activity of nitrogen-fixing communities across ocean basins. Limnology and Oceanography,
62(5), 1895–1909.
8 N 2 Fixation in Ocean Basins