Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xi
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Pathways for Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Degradation, and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Tianhu Sun, Yaakov Tadmor, and Li Li
PART II ACTIVITIES
2 A Simple In Vitro Assay to Measure the Activity of Geranylgeranyl
Diphosphate Synthase and Other Short-Chain Prenyltransferases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
M. Victoria Barja and Manuel Rodrı ´guez-Concepci on
3 Expression, Purification, and Enzyme Activity Assay of Phytoene
Synthase In Vitro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Maurizio Camagna and Ralf Welsch
4 Improved Expression and Purification of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic
Enzyme Z-ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Eleanore T. Wurtzel and Jesu ´ s Beltra ´ n
5 Determination of In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Plant
Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Lourdes G omez-G omez, Gianfranco Diretto, Oussama Ahrazem,
and Salim Al-Babili
6 Expression and Characterization of Mammalian Carotenoid
Cleavage Dioxygenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Linda Dora Thomas, Srinivasagan Ramkumar,
and Johannes von Lintig
7 Transportomics for the Characterization of Plant Apocarotenoid
Transmembrane Transporters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Olivia Costantina Demurtas, Rita de Brito Francisco,
Enrico Martinoia, and Giovanni Giuliano
PART III ANALYTICS
8 Applications of Visible Spectroscopy and Color Measurements in
the Assessments of Carotenoid Levels in Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Paula Mapelli-Brahm, Francisco J. Rodrı ´guez-Pulido, Carla M. Stinco,
Francisco J. Heredia, and Antonio J. Mele ´ndez-Martı ´nez
9 A Routine Method for the Extraction and HPLC-DAD Profiling
of Major Plant and Food Carotenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Da ´ maso Hornero-Me ´ndez
vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xi
PART I INTRODUCTION
1 Pathways for Carotenoid Biosynthesis, Degradation, and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
Tianhu Sun, Yaakov Tadmor, and Li Li
PART II ACTIVITIES
2 A Simple In Vitro Assay to Measure the Activity of Geranylgeranyl
Diphosphate Synthase and Other Short-Chain Prenyltransferases . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
M. Victoria Barja and Manuel Rodrı ´guez-Concepci on
3 Expression, Purification, and Enzyme Activity Assay of Phytoene
Synthase In Vitro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Maurizio Camagna and Ralf Welsch
4 Improved Expression and Purification of the Carotenoid Biosynthetic
Enzyme Z-ISO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Eleanore T. Wurtzel and Jesu ´ s Beltra ´ n
5 Determination of In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Plant
Carotenoid Cleavage Oxygenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Lourdes G omez-G omez, Gianfranco Diretto, Oussama Ahrazem,
and Salim Al-Babili
6 Expression and Characterization of Mammalian Carotenoid
Cleavage Dioxygenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Linda Dora Thomas, Srinivasagan Ramkumar,
and Johannes von Lintig
7 Transportomics for the Characterization of Plant Apocarotenoid
Transmembrane Transporters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Olivia Costantina Demurtas, Rita de Brito Francisco,
Enrico Martinoia, and Giovanni Giuliano
PART III ANALYTICS
8 Applications of Visible Spectroscopy and Color Measurements in
the Assessments of Carotenoid Levels in Foods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Paula Mapelli-Brahm, Francisco J. Rodrı ´guez-Pulido, Carla M. Stinco,
Francisco J. Heredia, and Antonio J. Mele ´ndez-Martı ´nez
9 A Routine Method for the Extraction and HPLC-DAD Profiling
of Major Plant and Food Carotenoids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Da ´ maso Hornero-Me ´ndez
vii