Precision Microbial Nanobiosynthesis: Knowledge …
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potential for nanobiosynthesis and possible microbiological, biochemical and genetic
optimizations of microbial nanobiosynthesis.
2 Microbiological Aspects in Nanobiosynthesis: Isolation,
Screening, and Culture Conditions of Useful
Microorganisms
The isolation and screening of microbial strains for nanomaterials biosynthesis have
recently emerged as an interesting and growing research area for the exploring
possible future improvements of nanobiosynthesis. Brayner et al. (2007) have
compared the synthetic ability of AuNPs, AgNPs, PdNPs, and PtNPs by three
different cyanobacteria Calothrix pulvinata, strain ALCP 745A, Anabaena flosaquae
strain ALCPB24, and Leptolyngbya foveolarum, strain ALCP 671B isolated from
a sample of a black soiling developed on a wall. The selection of cyanobacterial
genus has played a key role in determining the NPs production yield as well as the
NPs size (Brayner et al. 2007). The screening of 20 cyanobacterial strains for the
SeNPs synthesis has been performed by Afzal et al. (2019). All tested cyanobacterial
extracts have been capable to synthesize SeNPs but Arthrospira indica SOSA-4 cell
extract has shown the ability to synthesize 11.8 nm-sized SeNPs in 48 h.
2.1 Nanobiosynthesis by Extremophiles
The use of extremophilic microorganisms has shown promising results for the biosynthesis of a wide variety of nanoparticles. Extremophiles microorganisms are highly
metabolically and biochemically adapted microorganisms for broad range extreme
conditions of temperature, salinity, pH, pressure, metal concentrations, etc. Many
extremophiles microorganisms have been shown the ability to synthesize nanoparticles starting both from precursor solutions prepared in laboratory and from precursors presents in real environmental samples. Concerning the latter, the biosynthesis
of nanoparticles mediated by extremophiles microorganisms might also has interesting prospective for possible application in bioremediation and waste management
through the synthesis of value-added nanomaterials, e.g., the recovery of metals
from mine wastes (Wong-Pinto et al. 2020), or the synthesis of magnesium oxide
nanoparticles from olive mill wastewaters (Hamimed et al. 2020).
Extremophiles like thermophiles and psychrophiles microorganisms have shown
a great potential for nanobiosynthetic applications (Tiquia-Arashiro and Rodrigues
2016). In particular, Antarctic environments have recently emerged as an extraordinary source of psychrophilic microorganisms for biotechnological applications,
including the synthesis of nanomaterials (Yarzàbal 2016). A number of 12 psychrotolerant bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Shewanella genera
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potential for nanobiosynthesis and possible microbiological, biochemical and genetic
optimizations of microbial nanobiosynthesis.
2 Microbiological Aspects in Nanobiosynthesis: Isolation,
Screening, and Culture Conditions of Useful
Microorganisms
The isolation and screening of microbial strains for nanomaterials biosynthesis have
recently emerged as an interesting and growing research area for the exploring
possible future improvements of nanobiosynthesis. Brayner et al. (2007) have
compared the synthetic ability of AuNPs, AgNPs, PdNPs, and PtNPs by three
different cyanobacteria Calothrix pulvinata, strain ALCP 745A, Anabaena flosaquae
strain ALCPB24, and Leptolyngbya foveolarum, strain ALCP 671B isolated from
a sample of a black soiling developed on a wall. The selection of cyanobacterial
genus has played a key role in determining the NPs production yield as well as the
NPs size (Brayner et al. 2007). The screening of 20 cyanobacterial strains for the
SeNPs synthesis has been performed by Afzal et al. (2019). All tested cyanobacterial
extracts have been capable to synthesize SeNPs but Arthrospira indica SOSA-4 cell
extract has shown the ability to synthesize 11.8 nm-sized SeNPs in 48 h.
2.1 Nanobiosynthesis by Extremophiles
The use of extremophilic microorganisms has shown promising results for the biosynthesis of a wide variety of nanoparticles. Extremophiles microorganisms are highly
metabolically and biochemically adapted microorganisms for broad range extreme
conditions of temperature, salinity, pH, pressure, metal concentrations, etc. Many
extremophiles microorganisms have been shown the ability to synthesize nanoparticles starting both from precursor solutions prepared in laboratory and from precursors presents in real environmental samples. Concerning the latter, the biosynthesis
of nanoparticles mediated by extremophiles microorganisms might also has interesting prospective for possible application in bioremediation and waste management
through the synthesis of value-added nanomaterials, e.g., the recovery of metals
from mine wastes (Wong-Pinto et al. 2020), or the synthesis of magnesium oxide
nanoparticles from olive mill wastewaters (Hamimed et al. 2020).
Extremophiles like thermophiles and psychrophiles microorganisms have shown
a great potential for nanobiosynthetic applications (Tiquia-Arashiro and Rodrigues
2016). In particular, Antarctic environments have recently emerged as an extraordinary source of psychrophilic microorganisms for biotechnological applications,
including the synthesis of nanomaterials (Yarzàbal 2016). A number of 12 psychrotolerant bacteria belonging to Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Shewanella genera