Applications of Microbe-Based Nanoparticles …
365
to the concentration of 30 ppm AgNPs, the roots of T. aestivum and P. mungo were
found to be longer than the control. At the concentration of 40 ppm, the growth
of roots and shoot was decreased when compared to control. Further treatment of
seedlings with 60 and 80 ppm AgNPs experienced phytotoxicity, as shoot and root
growth was significantly affected.
Ibrahim et al. (2019) reported that AgNPs was synthesized from Bacillus
siamensis strain C1, an endophytic bacterium from Coriandrum sativum for elucidating the effect of plant growth-promoting activity in rice. Results showed the
tremendous increase in treated rice seedlings having the root length (7.4 cm), shoot
length (11.6 cm), fresh weight (0.24 g) and dry weight (0.04 g), compared to the
root length (5.1 cm), shoot length (6.5 cm), fresh weight (0.12 g) and dry weight
(0.03 g) of the control, respectively. These results indicate the possibility of using
microbe-mediated nanoparticles as plant growth stimulators.
3.5 Microbial Nanobiofertilizer
Mycogenic-nanoparticles serve as an indispensable resource and could be used as
fertilizer. Aspergillus fumigatus TFR-9-mediated ZnO nanoparticles (10 ppm) were
foliar sprayed on the leaf of 2-week-old cluster bean plants and studied for its
plant growth-promoting property. Results showed enhanced plant biomass (27.1%),
shoot length (31.5%), root length (66.3%), root area (73.5%), chlorophyll content
(276.2%), total soluble leaf protein (27.1%), rhizospheric microbial population
(ranging from 11 to 14%), enzyme activities such as acid phosphatase (73.5%),
alkaline phosphatase (48.7%), and phytase (72.4%) in the rhizosphere over control
in a week-old plants. After maturity, the gum content and its viscosity in cluster
bean seeds increased by 7.5%. Overall, these results suggest that, Aspergillus fumigatus TFR-9 mediated ZnONP could serve as a potential candidate for microbial
nanofertilizer production (Raliya and Tarafdar 2013). Similarly, 10 mg/l of TiO 2 NP
synthesized from Aspergillus flavus TFR 7 were foliar sprayed on the leaves of two
weeks old mung bean plants. Results showed a significant improvement in shoot
length (17.02%), root length (49.6%), root area (43%), root nodule (67.5%), chlorophyll content (46.4%) and total soluble leaf protein (94%). Furthermore, microbial
population such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes increased between 21.4 and
48.1% in the rhizosphere in six week-old plant. Increase in enzyme activity was
observed over control in six week-old plant. The authors predicted that, increase
in the enzyme activity may be due to increase in the microflora in the rhizosphere
(Raliya et al. 2015). Raliya et al. (2014b) investigated the influence of MgO 2 NP
at 15 mg/l concentration synthesized from A. flavus strain TFR-12 on 2-week-old
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. They concluded that, chlorophyll content increased by
76.1%. Further, remarkable increase in the shoot–root growth (18.2–49.2%) and
chlorophyll photosynthetic pigment (76.1%) was observed. These results have shown
that the nanoparticles can aptly act as fertilizers in promoting the plant growth.
365
to the concentration of 30 ppm AgNPs, the roots of T. aestivum and P. mungo were
found to be longer than the control. At the concentration of 40 ppm, the growth
of roots and shoot was decreased when compared to control. Further treatment of
seedlings with 60 and 80 ppm AgNPs experienced phytotoxicity, as shoot and root
growth was significantly affected.
Ibrahim et al. (2019) reported that AgNPs was synthesized from Bacillus
siamensis strain C1, an endophytic bacterium from Coriandrum sativum for elucidating the effect of plant growth-promoting activity in rice. Results showed the
tremendous increase in treated rice seedlings having the root length (7.4 cm), shoot
length (11.6 cm), fresh weight (0.24 g) and dry weight (0.04 g), compared to the
root length (5.1 cm), shoot length (6.5 cm), fresh weight (0.12 g) and dry weight
(0.03 g) of the control, respectively. These results indicate the possibility of using
microbe-mediated nanoparticles as plant growth stimulators.
3.5 Microbial Nanobiofertilizer
Mycogenic-nanoparticles serve as an indispensable resource and could be used as
fertilizer. Aspergillus fumigatus TFR-9-mediated ZnO nanoparticles (10 ppm) were
foliar sprayed on the leaf of 2-week-old cluster bean plants and studied for its
plant growth-promoting property. Results showed enhanced plant biomass (27.1%),
shoot length (31.5%), root length (66.3%), root area (73.5%), chlorophyll content
(276.2%), total soluble leaf protein (27.1%), rhizospheric microbial population
(ranging from 11 to 14%), enzyme activities such as acid phosphatase (73.5%),
alkaline phosphatase (48.7%), and phytase (72.4%) in the rhizosphere over control
in a week-old plants. After maturity, the gum content and its viscosity in cluster
bean seeds increased by 7.5%. Overall, these results suggest that, Aspergillus fumigatus TFR-9 mediated ZnONP could serve as a potential candidate for microbial
nanofertilizer production (Raliya and Tarafdar 2013). Similarly, 10 mg/l of TiO 2 NP
synthesized from Aspergillus flavus TFR 7 were foliar sprayed on the leaves of two
weeks old mung bean plants. Results showed a significant improvement in shoot
length (17.02%), root length (49.6%), root area (43%), root nodule (67.5%), chlorophyll content (46.4%) and total soluble leaf protein (94%). Furthermore, microbial
population such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes increased between 21.4 and
48.1% in the rhizosphere in six week-old plant. Increase in enzyme activity was
observed over control in six week-old plant. The authors predicted that, increase
in the enzyme activity may be due to increase in the microflora in the rhizosphere
(Raliya et al. 2015). Raliya et al. (2014b) investigated the influence of MgO 2 NP
at 15 mg/l concentration synthesized from A. flavus strain TFR-12 on 2-week-old
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. They concluded that, chlorophyll content increased by
76.1%. Further, remarkable increase in the shoot–root growth (18.2–49.2%) and
chlorophyll photosynthetic pigment (76.1%) was observed. These results have shown
that the nanoparticles can aptly act as fertilizers in promoting the plant growth.