304
S. B. Jaffri and K. S. Ahmad
O 2
− . Such a combination of oxidizing and reducing agents contributed in the nanophotocatalytic reaction destroys the dye molecules which were previously adsorbed
on the biomimetic AgNPs surface (Ameta et al. 2013). In addition to methylene blue,
other types of dyes have also been efficiently degraded with biogenically synthesized
AgNPs. In a recent study, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was effectively degraded by Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens MSR5 AgNPs achieving up to 98% of removal efficiency within
15 min (Samuel et al. 2020). Aeromonas sp.based AgNPs were used for photocatalytic removal of brilliant green. The results for this dye were supportive of the
achievement of 92.62% degradation in 120 min (Gurme et al. 2019). AgNPs synthesized from Microchaete NCCU-342, a cyanobacterium, has excelled in degrading
methyl red in 120 min reaching up to 84.60% removal (Husain et al. 2019).
6.2 Antimicrobial Potential
Harmful microbial agents have been responsible for a number of diseases in human,
animals, and plants. These microbes have been dealt with by good antibiotics developed over time, yet the expression of multidrug resistance by bacterial and other
microbial agents is an emerging issue. Microbes driven green NPs can be the best
solution to treat such microbes proven by variety of investigations (Elegbede et al.
2019). In this regard, AgNPs nano-formulations have been proven to be an effective against a multitude of microbes. In a recent report, multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were successfully inhibited by Bacillus
subtilis (SJ 15)-mediated AgNPs showing impressive zones of inhibition and the
antibacterial activity expressed an elevation with an increase in the AgNPs dose
(Roshmi et al. 2017). In another recent work, AgNPs developed by using Crellacyathophora, which is an endosymbiotic actinomycetes having marine background,
was used for antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis,
and Staphylococcus aureus expressing remarkable inhibition activity besides to
testing of these NPs for anticancer activity (Hamed et al. 2020). Streptacidiphilus
durhamensis HGG16n, having its origin as acidophilic actinobacterium, has been
used for synthesis of AgNPs and proven effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis (Buszewski et al. 2018). Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6653,
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 have also
been effectively inhibited by cyanobacteria-mediated AgNPs (Keskin et al. 2016).
Bacillus licheniformis M09-derived optimized AgNPs expressed a remarkable dosedependent inhibition of food borne pathogens—Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii
ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 via well diffusion assay and broth dilution
procedure (Momin et al. 2019). Rayaman et al. (2018) reported the use of Aspergillus
niger fungal strains for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs and found an effective
S. B. Jaffri and K. S. Ahmad
O 2
− . Such a combination of oxidizing and reducing agents contributed in the nanophotocatalytic reaction destroys the dye molecules which were previously adsorbed
on the biomimetic AgNPs surface (Ameta et al. 2013). In addition to methylene blue,
other types of dyes have also been efficiently degraded with biogenically synthesized
AgNPs. In a recent study, 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was effectively degraded by Bacillus
amyloliquefaciens MSR5 AgNPs achieving up to 98% of removal efficiency within
15 min (Samuel et al. 2020). Aeromonas sp.based AgNPs were used for photocatalytic removal of brilliant green. The results for this dye were supportive of the
achievement of 92.62% degradation in 120 min (Gurme et al. 2019). AgNPs synthesized from Microchaete NCCU-342, a cyanobacterium, has excelled in degrading
methyl red in 120 min reaching up to 84.60% removal (Husain et al. 2019).
6.2 Antimicrobial Potential
Harmful microbial agents have been responsible for a number of diseases in human,
animals, and plants. These microbes have been dealt with by good antibiotics developed over time, yet the expression of multidrug resistance by bacterial and other
microbial agents is an emerging issue. Microbes driven green NPs can be the best
solution to treat such microbes proven by variety of investigations (Elegbede et al.
2019). In this regard, AgNPs nano-formulations have been proven to be an effective against a multitude of microbes. In a recent report, multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis were successfully inhibited by Bacillus
subtilis (SJ 15)-mediated AgNPs showing impressive zones of inhibition and the
antibacterial activity expressed an elevation with an increase in the AgNPs dose
(Roshmi et al. 2017). In another recent work, AgNPs developed by using Crellacyathophora, which is an endosymbiotic actinomycetes having marine background,
was used for antibiofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis,
and Staphylococcus aureus expressing remarkable inhibition activity besides to
testing of these NPs for anticancer activity (Hamed et al. 2020). Streptacidiphilus
durhamensis HGG16n, having its origin as acidophilic actinobacterium, has been
used for synthesis of AgNPs and proven effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis (Buszewski et al. 2018). Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6653,
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 have also
been effectively inhibited by cyanobacteria-mediated AgNPs (Keskin et al. 2016).
Bacillus licheniformis M09-derived optimized AgNPs expressed a remarkable dosedependent inhibition of food borne pathogens—Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii
ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 via well diffusion assay and broth dilution
procedure (Momin et al. 2019). Rayaman et al. (2018) reported the use of Aspergillus
niger fungal strains for the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs and found an effective