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E. A. Adebayo et al.
6.3 Effect of Pressure
Pressure is one of the key factors that affect the synthesis of nanoparticles using
biological extracts. According to Abhilash and Pandey (2012), the applications of
pressure to the reaction medium altered the magnitude and shape of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The metal ions reduction rate by using biological extracts had
been reported to be very swift at atmospheric pressure conditions (Tran et al. 2013).
6.4 Effect of Incubation Time
Incubation time refers to the period needed for every reaction process to take place.
However, several reports have shown that incubation time affects the synthesis of
nanoparticles using extracts (Tran et al. 2013; Darroudi et al. 2011). However, the
characteristics of the biosynthesized nanoparticles are altered by the period of maturation which largely depends on the synthesis steps, light exposure and how it is stored
(Akbari et al. 2011; Mudunkotuwa et al. 2013). It is reported that the sharpness of
absorption peaks in both silver and gold nanoparticles is affected by an increase
in time contact (Dubey et al. 2010). The shelf life and potency of biosynthesized
nanoparticles would be affected with long time storage (Patra and Baek 2014).
6.5 Other Factors Affecting Mushroom-Mediated
Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles
The permeability of biosynthesized nanoparticles determines the nanoparticles
quality and application (Park et al. 2011). Mushrooms are rich in subordinate metabolites which serve as diminishing and balancing agents for synthesizing nanoparticles.
However, mushroom species and its extraction methodology influence the composition of these metabolites. Furthermore, different mushroom species are embedded
with unique intracellular and extracellular enzymes which may affect mushroom
biosynthesis of nanoparticles (Mohanpuria et al. 2008).
7 Challenges of Mushroom Nanobiotechnology
Despite the wide range benefits of mushroom-mediated nanoparticles, there are still
several shortcomings and issues to defeat before it can be employed extensively.
Mushroom nanobiotechnology as a newly developing field has some challenges, most
especially in the aspect of commercialization. Such problems include profit-making,
effectiveness of innovation, funding, raw materials and other needed resources and
E. A. Adebayo et al.
6.3 Effect of Pressure
Pressure is one of the key factors that affect the synthesis of nanoparticles using
biological extracts. According to Abhilash and Pandey (2012), the applications of
pressure to the reaction medium altered the magnitude and shape of the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The metal ions reduction rate by using biological extracts had
been reported to be very swift at atmospheric pressure conditions (Tran et al. 2013).
6.4 Effect of Incubation Time
Incubation time refers to the period needed for every reaction process to take place.
However, several reports have shown that incubation time affects the synthesis of
nanoparticles using extracts (Tran et al. 2013; Darroudi et al. 2011). However, the
characteristics of the biosynthesized nanoparticles are altered by the period of maturation which largely depends on the synthesis steps, light exposure and how it is stored
(Akbari et al. 2011; Mudunkotuwa et al. 2013). It is reported that the sharpness of
absorption peaks in both silver and gold nanoparticles is affected by an increase
in time contact (Dubey et al. 2010). The shelf life and potency of biosynthesized
nanoparticles would be affected with long time storage (Patra and Baek 2014).
6.5 Other Factors Affecting Mushroom-Mediated
Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles
The permeability of biosynthesized nanoparticles determines the nanoparticles
quality and application (Park et al. 2011). Mushrooms are rich in subordinate metabolites which serve as diminishing and balancing agents for synthesizing nanoparticles.
However, mushroom species and its extraction methodology influence the composition of these metabolites. Furthermore, different mushroom species are embedded
with unique intracellular and extracellular enzymes which may affect mushroom
biosynthesis of nanoparticles (Mohanpuria et al. 2008).
7 Challenges of Mushroom Nanobiotechnology
Despite the wide range benefits of mushroom-mediated nanoparticles, there are still
several shortcomings and issues to defeat before it can be employed extensively.
Mushroom nanobiotechnology as a newly developing field has some challenges, most
especially in the aspect of commercialization. Such problems include profit-making,
effectiveness of innovation, funding, raw materials and other needed resources and