Microbial Enzymes in Nanotechnology …
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brought about the fabrication of CeONP@POMs. The CeONP@POMs displayed
both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proteolytic activities. The results achieved
in the study showed that CeONP@POMs proficiently degraded amyloid-β peptides
(Aβ) aggregates and also reduced intracellular ROS. In vivo studies using mice
further proved CeONP@POMs nanozyme was biocompatibile which was revealed
by a thorough examination of their biodistribution, in vivo toxicology and body
weight change.
In a study presented by He et al. (2017), homogenous graphene oxide (GO)peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were fabricated to mimic β-glycosyl
hydrolase for proficient degradation of cellopentaose and cellobiose. Free peptides
were employed to generate nanofiber hydrogels after self-assembling for 24 h
at environmental temperature. Then, GO-PNFs were fabricated by treating the
peptide nanofiber hydrogels with 0.2 mg/ml Graphene oxide solution in citrate–phosphate buffer (pH 5.0). TEM microscopy demonstrated that the single-layered GO
nanosheets was about 1 nm thick while the PNF has entwined nanofibrous network
with diameters of fiber which ranged from 10 to 40 nm. The graphene oxide reacted
with free peptides, free peptides and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) was
also examined for hydrolase mimetics potentials in cellobiose degradation but it
was GO-PNFs that displayed the uppermost hydrolysis activity. The study suggested
that the high catalytic activities of GO-PNFs for hydrolysis of cellopentaose and
cellobiose may be credited to the development of nanofiber structures of peptides,
less steric hindrance to access the substrate, in addition to optimum molecular conformation. The results obtained were deemed insightful enough in opening up the potentials of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes for application in efficient
cellulose hydrolysis. Silva et al. (2017) described the chemical synthesis Ag, Au and
bimetallic Ag–Au nanoparticles (NPs) sustained on SiO 2 which were functionalized
with methimazole (MTZ) (comprising of imidazole and thiol groups). The synthesized nanomaterials were utilized as nanocatalysts for the cleavage of organophosphate and detoxifying them in a Phosphesterase-like manner. The MTZ-developed
nanocatalysts were reported to be efficient in cleavage of organophosphates. The
enhancement rate of 10
8 fold was achieved for toxic pesticide (Paraoxon), when
related with the uncatalyzed reaction. Moreover, Au-derived nanocatalysts were
appreciably more efficient because their imidazole group is free to react with the
organophosphate, which was not feasible in Ag–N interactions.
4 Future Prospects and Conclusion
The report has presented an ample review touching the applications enzymes of
microbial sources in the biofabrication of nanomaterials in addition to also elucidating the creation and potentials of nanomaterials producing enzyme-like activities
(nanozymes). With their extensively range of potential applications in catalysis and
biomedical nanotechnology, there is a great future for microbial enzyme-mediated
synthesis of nanomaterials when related with nanomaterials synthesized through
219
brought about the fabrication of CeONP@POMs. The CeONP@POMs displayed
both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and proteolytic activities. The results achieved
in the study showed that CeONP@POMs proficiently degraded amyloid-β peptides
(Aβ) aggregates and also reduced intracellular ROS. In vivo studies using mice
further proved CeONP@POMs nanozyme was biocompatibile which was revealed
by a thorough examination of their biodistribution, in vivo toxicology and body
weight change.
In a study presented by He et al. (2017), homogenous graphene oxide (GO)peptide nanofiber hybrid hydrogels (GO-PNFs) were fabricated to mimic β-glycosyl
hydrolase for proficient degradation of cellopentaose and cellobiose. Free peptides
were employed to generate nanofiber hydrogels after self-assembling for 24 h
at environmental temperature. Then, GO-PNFs were fabricated by treating the
peptide nanofiber hydrogels with 0.2 mg/ml Graphene oxide solution in citrate–phosphate buffer (pH 5.0). TEM microscopy demonstrated that the single-layered GO
nanosheets was about 1 nm thick while the PNF has entwined nanofibrous network
with diameters of fiber which ranged from 10 to 40 nm. The graphene oxide reacted
with free peptides, free peptides and self-assembled peptide nanofibers (PNFs) was
also examined for hydrolase mimetics potentials in cellobiose degradation but it
was GO-PNFs that displayed the uppermost hydrolysis activity. The study suggested
that the high catalytic activities of GO-PNFs for hydrolysis of cellopentaose and
cellobiose may be credited to the development of nanofiber structures of peptides,
less steric hindrance to access the substrate, in addition to optimum molecular conformation. The results obtained were deemed insightful enough in opening up the potentials of peptides and GO hybrid composite nanoenzymes for application in efficient
cellulose hydrolysis. Silva et al. (2017) described the chemical synthesis Ag, Au and
bimetallic Ag–Au nanoparticles (NPs) sustained on SiO 2 which were functionalized
with methimazole (MTZ) (comprising of imidazole and thiol groups). The synthesized nanomaterials were utilized as nanocatalysts for the cleavage of organophosphate and detoxifying them in a Phosphesterase-like manner. The MTZ-developed
nanocatalysts were reported to be efficient in cleavage of organophosphates. The
enhancement rate of 10
8 fold was achieved for toxic pesticide (Paraoxon), when
related with the uncatalyzed reaction. Moreover, Au-derived nanocatalysts were
appreciably more efficient because their imidazole group is free to react with the
organophosphate, which was not feasible in Ag–N interactions.
4 Future Prospects and Conclusion
The report has presented an ample review touching the applications enzymes of
microbial sources in the biofabrication of nanomaterials in addition to also elucidating the creation and potentials of nanomaterials producing enzyme-like activities
(nanozymes). With their extensively range of potential applications in catalysis and
biomedical nanotechnology, there is a great future for microbial enzyme-mediated
synthesis of nanomaterials when related with nanomaterials synthesized through